Assessment of the bacteriological quality of rural groundwater supplies in Northern West Virginia

Sworobuk, Janis E.; Law, Constance B.; Bissonnette, Gary K.

doi:10.1007/bf00450627

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Accordingly, coliform detection suggests contamination and therefore can be a useful indicator in the evaluation of water quality. Coliforms and other sanitary indicator organisms of public health significance have been detected in high proportions of rural groundwater supplies in Africa (2, 55), India (42), New Zealand (47), and the United States (14, 29, 43, 46,52,54).…”

Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Acinetobacter spp. in rural drinking water supplies

Bifulco

Shirey

Bissonnette

1989

Appl Environ Microbiol

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A bacteriological survey was conducted of untreated, individual groundwater supplies in Preston County, W.Va. Nearly 60% of the water supplies contained total coliforms in excess of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level of 1 CFU/100 ml. Approximately one-third of the water systems contained fecal coliforms and/or fecal streptococci. Acinetobacter spp. were detected in 38% of the groundwater supplies at an arithmetic mean density of 8 CFU/100 ml and were present in 16% of the water supplies in the absence of total coliforms, posing some concern about the usefulness of total coliforms as indicators of the presence of this opportunistic pathogen. Slime production, a virulence factor for A. calcoaceticus, was not significantly different between well water isolates and clinical strains, suggesting some degree of pathogenic potential for strains isolated from groundwater. In addition, several Acinetobacter isolates were able to interfere with sheen production by some coliform bacteria on M-Endo medium, adding further to the possible significance of Acinetobacter spp. in groundwater supplies.

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Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Groundwater serves as a drinking water source for approximately 19,000 people in this county (51). In a previous study, Sworobuk et al (52) analyzed 155 private water supplies from the same area. A subset of these water systems were randomly selected and examined in the current study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Acinetobacter spp. in rural drinking water supplies

Bifulco

Shirey

Bissonnette

1989

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Water samples were collected from 30 untreated, rural groundwater systems supplied by either springs or drilled wells. The groundwater supplies were located in Preston County, W.Va., and have been characterized by Sworobuk et al (34). Samples were obtained in sterile 1-liter polypropylene containers after any screening devices were removed and the cold water tap was flushed for 2 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and identification of groundwater bacteria capable of escaping entrapment on 0.45-micron-pore-size membrane filters

Shirey

Bissonnette

1991

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Rural drinking water systems supplied by untreated groundwater were examined to determine whether coliform or heterotrophic plate count bacteria are capable of escaping entrapment on standard porosity (0.45-,um-pore-size) membrane filters. Filterable bacteria were present in 42% of the 24 groundwater sources examined by using nonselective media (R2A, full strength m-HPC, and O.lx m-HPC agars). Pseudomonads were the most frequently identified group of filterable bacteria detected. Flavobacterium, Alcaligenes, Acinetobacter, and Achromobacter isolates were also identified. Total coliforms were not recovered from any of the 24 groundwater samples following filtration through 0.45-,um-pore-size membrane filters by using selective M-Endo LES agar or mT7 agar. In addition, none of the isolates identified from nonselective media were coliforms. Similarly, neither total coliforms nor specifically Escherichia coli were detected in these filtrates when Colilert P/A medium was used.

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“…Treatment by traditional on-site systems, such as septic tank and soil absorption designs, sometimes is not feasible because of soil type, adverse topography, and inadequate availability of land near homes. Improper sanitation previously has been shown to contaminate wells and springs providing potable water in rural areas (Sworobuk et al, 1987). Constructed subsurface flow gravel wetlands have been suggested as alternative low-cost, low-maintenance systems for treatment of domestic wastewater, and offer promise for use by residents of rural communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterotrophic Community‐Level Physiological Profiles of Domestic Wastewater Following Treatment by Small Constructed Subsurface Flow Wetlands

Hench¹,

Sexstone²,

Bissonnette³

2004

Water Environment Research

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Seasonal treatment performance of small-surface flow wetlands was evaluated during their second operational year and compared with community-level physiological profiles (CLPP) of the heterotrophic bacterial community obtained from sole-carbon source utilization patterns in BIOLOG GN (Haywood, California) microplates. The CLPP patterns varied significantly by season, indicating reduced functional diversity in the heterotrophic community during warmer months of active plant growth (April through October). Principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that the functional community differed in planted versus unplanted wetlands during the growing season. Wetlands generally improved wastewater quality; however, treatment performance was reduced in the second year. Despite differences in the heterotrophic community suggested by CLPP, treatment efficiency with respect to removal of five-day biochemical oxygen demand or reduction in fecal indicator organisms generally was not significantly changed as a function of growing season or plant treatment. Water Environ. Res., 76, 468 (2004).

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Assessment of the bacteriological quality of rural groundwater supplies in Northern West Virginia

Cited by 19 publications

References 9 publications

Detection of Acinetobacter spp. in rural drinking water supplies

Detection of Acinetobacter spp. in rural drinking water supplies

Detection and identification of groundwater bacteria capable of escaping entrapment on 0.45-micron-pore-size membrane filters

Heterotrophic Community‐Level Physiological Profiles of Domestic Wastewater Following Treatment by Small Constructed Subsurface Flow Wetlands

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