Assessment of the antifungal activities of polyhexamethylene-guanidine hydrochloride (PHMGH)-based disinfectant against fungi isolated from papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruit

Abstract

The antifungal activity of the Polyhexamethylene-guanidine hydrochloride (PHMGH)-based disinfectant against fungi isolated from papaya fruit was evaluated. The aim of this work was to show that the PHMGH can be used as a disinfectant for papaya preservation. Thirty one strains of fungi were isolated as Mucor sp., Botrytis sp., Penicillium sp., Geotrichum sp., Aspergillus sp. and Colletotrichum sp. Mucor sp. was the most isolated with a frequency of 52.77% followed by Botrytis (47.22%), Aspergillus and Penicillium (8.33%), Colletotrichum (5.56%) then, Geotrichum (2.78%). The antifungal activity of the PHMGH was tested through the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFCs). All the strains tested were sensitive to the disinfectant. However, the activity of PHMGH varies according to the strain tested. The values of the MIC and the MFC were between <0.01 and 1.9 mg/ mL. Aspergillus sp. was the least susceptible fungi with a MIC and MFC of 1.9 mg/ mL whereas the most sensitive to PHMGH were the genera Botrytis and Colletotrichum with a MIC <0.01 mg/ mL. No matter the strains of fungi studied, the MIC and MFC values were equal. The PHMGH could therefore be considered as a fungicidal agent that could serve for the preservation of papaya fruit after harvesting.

Analysis of theoretical premises for biodeterioration of leather materials and leather products

“…Гуанідини здатні утворювати плів-ки на оброблених поверхнях, що вказує на пролонговану активність препаратів при обробці поверхонь без подаль-шого вимивання. Бактерицидна дія похідних гуанідину визначається їх здатністю зв'язуватися з клітинними стінками і цитоплазматичними мембранами бактерій, проникати в ядро клітин, інгібірувати ферменти, що і приводить до відмирання клітин [17].…”

Is polyhexamethylene-guanidine hydrochloride (PHMGH) sporicidal? A critical review

“…At first sight, this paper suggests that a sporicidal efficacy of PHMGH against Bacillus subtilis spores was shown. In addition, the same group has published data on the fungicidal efficacy of PHMGH (Koffi-Nevry et al, 2011). Especially as the concentrations used were low and the exposure times for the respective efficacies were very short for both references studies, these would be ground-breaking results for this active agent and the whole chemical group of guanides.…”

“…Therefore, we reviewed the studies published by Oulé et al (2012) and Koffi-Nevry et al (2011) to compare the methodology used with current standard practice, e.g. that published by ASTM (2005) and CEN (2001,2002), to show the efficacy of PHMGH against bacterial spores of B. subtilis, and fungal spores, e.g.…”

“…The review of the studies published by Oulé et al (2008Oulé et al ( , 2012 and Koffi-Nevry et al (2011) showed that none of the published state of the art methods was used to determine the sporicidal and fungicidal efficacies of PHMGH. For fungicidal efficacy testing, for example, the method described by CEN (2001) The neutralization method has not been described in detail in the papers by Oulé et al (2008Oulé et al ( , 2012 and Koffi-Nevry et al (2011).…”

“…For fungicidal efficacy testing, for example, the method described by CEN (2001) The neutralization method has not been described in detail in the papers by Oulé et al (2008Oulé et al ( , 2012 and Koffi-Nevry et al (2011). The neutralizing method was invalid according to the most widely accepted published methods which are, for example, described by ASTM (2013) and CEN (2001CEN ( , 2002.…”