Assessment of the acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin toHeteropneustes fossilisand their impact on acetylcholinesterase activity

Abstract

In the present study, the acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos (an organophosphate, OP) and cypermethrin (a pyrethroid) pesticides was estimated for 96 h in Heteropneustes fossilis. The LC for chlorpyrifos (CPF) and cypermethrin was found to be 1.90 mg/L and 0.085 mg/L, respectively. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) activity in Heteropneustes fossilis exposed to both the insecticides was assayed in brain, muscle and gills. In general, tissue specific as well as dose-dependent decrease in the AChE activity was exhibited by both pesticides. In response to the increasing concentrations of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin as well, a significant decrease in the activity of AChE was found in brain while muscle and gills exhibited lesser inhibition. Thus, the brain was the main target organ for both insecticides, followed by muscle and gills. Between the two pesticides chlorpyrifos acted as more potent AChE inhibitor than cypermethrin since more intense changes in behavioral pattern was observed with the chlorpyrifos. These changes indicate that the effects of these pesticides are at neural as well as neuromuscular level.

Assessment of acute toxicity and biochemical responses to chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and their combination exposed earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae

“…In the present study, two groups of pesticides namely chlorpyrifos (50%) [O, O-diethyl O-3, 5, 6-trichlor- 2-pyridyl phosphorothioate; CPF; PubChem CID: 2730] (an organophosphate; OP) and cypermethrin (5%) [RS-cyano (3 phenoxybenzyl) (1RS)-cis, trans-3–(2,2-dichlorovinyl)- 2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate; PubChem CID: 2912] (a pyrethroid) and their combination [chlorpyrifos (50%) + cypermethrin (5%)] were selected for acute and sub-acute toxicity evaluation in earthworm. Both Chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin are broad-spectrum insecticides used to control agricultural pests and have been listed as pesticides of potential concern by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [9,10]. A variety of irreversible/reversible neurobehavioral and neurotoxic effects as well as physiological and morphological alterations have been reported in earthworms even at very low concentration of pesticide [11].…”

Chlorpyrifos degradation by combined solar photo-Fenton and bacterial metabolism and simultaneous toxicity analysis in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

“…Previous report have shown that CP is toxic to the fish by inhibiting brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity (Tiwari et al, 2019). In this study, frozen heads of zebrafish (control and treatment exposure groups) were thawed and homogenized in 0.1M sodium phosphate (NaPO4; pH 7).…”

Physicochemical Characteristics of Fertilizer Industry Effluent and its Toxicological Impact on the Activity of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in Freshwater Teleosts Heteropneustes fossilis and Labeo rohita

“…Even though the fertilizer industry effluent at high concentrations markedly affected the fish organs tested, the magnitude of response varied from the one organ to the other. The decline in AChE activity could be considered as a useful tool for the assessment of industrial effluent toxicity, as it has been the case for other xenobiotic compounds such as organophosphate pesticides and heavy metals (Yadav et al, 2009;Rajkumar and Milton, 2011;Al-Ghais, 2013;Ramesh and Nagarajan, 2016;Tiwari et al, 2017).…”

“…In the aquatic ecosystem, fish play crucial role in the monitoring of water contamination as they respond in most sensitivity to variations in aquatic pollution (Naigaga et al, 2011). Stinging catfish H. fossilis (name "stinging" due to its venomous nature) is a native fish species of India and is economically important due to its nutritive and medicinal value (Talwar and Jhingran, 1991;Tiwari et al, 2017). Its body is elongated and depressed towards head region in order to survive in drastic conditions (e.g.…”