Assessment of the 4-meter walk test test-retest reliability and concurrent validity and its correlation with the five sit-to-stand test in chronic ambulatory stroke survivors

Cabanas-Valdés, Rosa; García-Rueda, Laura; Salgueiro, Carina; Pérez‐Bellmunt, Albert; Rodríguez-Sanz, Jacobo; López-de-Celis, Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.01.014

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Walking speed was estimated by dividing the distance by the time required to cover the distance (m/s). The 4-MWT demonstrated exceptional concurrent validity and test-retest reliability: intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.991 (95% CI: 0.983, 0.996); standard error of measurement (SEM) = 0.032; and minimal detectable change-95% (MDC-95%) = 0.090 m/s [23].…”

Section: Physical Fitnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As far as we are aware, this study is the first to compare nutritional status, physical fitness, and cognitive impairment in the same group of older adults. It is essential to bear in mind that the tools of evaluation adopted for each variable were precisely selected based on the characteristics of the population and are widely used instruments for assessing the suggested objective [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. However, there are certain limitations that are important to acknowledge.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Nutritional Status and Physical Fitness on Cognitive Domains among Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Boquete-Pumar,

Álvarez-Salvago,

Martínez-Amat

et al. 2023

Healthcare

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Background: The health issues presented by the aging population can result in reduced muscle mass, poorer physical function, and cognitive impairment. The goal of this study was to determine how nutritional status and physical fitness relate to cognitive impairment in older adults. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study involving 100 participants was carried out to analyze the impact of nutritional status and physical fitness on cognitive impairment. Nutritional status was assessed with the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) and The Mini Nutritional Assessment—Short Form (MNA-SF); physical fitness via the implementation of manual grip evaluation, the 4-m walking test (4-MWT), and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test; and cognitive impairment evaluation was conducted using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Boston Naming Test (BNT) and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT). Results: Data analysis revealed that higher malnutrition status was associated with fewer correct responses in the COWAT (R2 = 0.421), while a correlation between higher MMSE and BNT scores, faster completion times for the 4-m walking and TUG tests, and an increase in handgrip strength load was also observed. Conclusion: The analysis of the data revealed that those individuals with superior nutritional status and greater levels of physical fitness outperformed others on the cognitive evaluation.

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Section: Physical Fitnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Nutritional Status and Physical Fitness on Cognitive Domains among Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Boquete-Pumar,

Álvarez-Salvago,

Martínez-Amat

et al. 2023

Healthcare

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“…Gait speed was assessed by the 4‐meters walk test 38 (4‐MWT) meters/second (m/s). It has an excellent test–retest reliability, concurrent validity, and strong correlation between 4‐MWT and 10 Meter Walk test with a dynamic start at comfortable speed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…36 ABC is correlated with gait variability, 37 shows a strong correlation with lateral velocity change, which was used to quantify dynamic balance during turning, and it is an important aspect of daily living. 36 Gait speed was assessed by the 4-meters walk test 38 (4-MWT) meters/second (m/s). It has an excellent test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and strong correlation between 4-MWT and 10 Meter Walk test with a dynamic start at comfortable speed.…”

Section: Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Home‐Base Core Stability Exercises in Hereditary Ataxia. A Randomized Controlled Trial. A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Cabanas‐Valdés,

Fernández‐Lago,

Peláez‐Hervás

et al. 2024

Movement Disord Clin Pract

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BackgroundCore stability exercises (CSE) have been shown to be effective in improving trunk function in several neurological diseases, but the evidence is scarce on Hereditary Ataxias (HA).ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a 5‐week home‐based CSE program in terms of ataxia severity, trunk function, balance confidence, gait speed, lower limb motor function, quality of life, health status and falls rate in HA individuals at short‐ and long‐term.MethodsThis is an assessor‐blind randomized controlled clinical trial parallel group 1:1. The individuals were divided in experimental group (EG) performed standard care in addition to CSE, and control group (CG) performed standard care alone. The CSE home‐program was conducted 1‐h/day, 5‐day/week for 5‐week. The assessment was performed at baseline, endpoint (5‐week), and follow‐up (10‐week). The primary outcomes were ataxia severity assessed by the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia and trunk function assessed by Spanish‐version of Trunk Impairment Scale 2.0. The secondary outcomes were balance confidence assessed by Activities‐specific Balance Confidence (ABC), gait speed by 4‐meter walk test (4‐MWT), the lower limb motor function by 30‐s sit‐to‐stand, quality of life by EuroQol 5‐dimension 5‐level (EQ‐5D‐5L), health‐status by EQ‐5D and falls rate.ResultsTwenty‐three HA individuals were recruited (51.8 ± 11.10 years). Statistically significant group‐time interaction was shown in ABC (F:5.539; P = 0.007), EQ‐5D‐5L Total (F:4.836; P = 0.013), EQ 5D (F:7.207; P = 0.006).ConclusionsNo statistical differences between groups for ataxia severity and trunk function were observed. However, were differences for balance confidence, gait speed, quality of life, and falls rate in HA individuals.

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“…However, also the 10-meter walk test (10-MWT) requires a corridor 20 m long making it difficult to implement in most clinical settings ( 79 ). Indeed, the 4-meter walk test (4-MWT), which is part of the SPPB test, is considered a valid alternative to the 10-MWT in both clinical and research settings ( 3 , 80 ), with a cut-off ≤0.8 m/s that has been advised to indicate poor physical performance (i.e., severe sarcopenia) ( 3 ). Gait speed is instead considered an easy-to-implement highly reliable measure and it is advised, for its convenience, by EWGSOP2 for physical performance assessment ( 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 polyunsatured fatty acids and physical performance across the lifespan: a narrative review

Azzolino,

Bertoni,

De Cosmi

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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Background and AimsPhysical performance is a major contributor of mobility and independence during older life. Despite a progressive decline in musculoskeletal function starts from middle age, several factors acting during the life-course can negatively influence musculoskeletal functional capacities. Lifestyle interventions incorporating nutrition and physical exercise can help maximizing the muscle functional capacities in early life as well as preserving them later in life. Among various dietary compounds, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are gaining growing attention for their potential effects on muscle membrane composition and muscle function. Indeed, several pathways are enhanced, such as an attenuation of pro-inflammatory oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and reduction of insulin resistance.MethodsWe performed a narrative review to explore the existing literature on the relationship between omega-3 PUFAs and physical performance across the life-course.ResultsGrowing evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggests beneficial effects of omega-3 PUFAs on muscle function, including physical performance parameters in mid to later life. On the other hand, despite a direct association in early life is not available in literature, some mechanisms by which omega-3 PUFAs may contribute to improved adult physical performance could be hypothesized.ConclusionOmega-3 PUFAs are gaining growing attention for their positive effect on muscle function parameters. The integration of physical function measures in future studies would be of great interest to explore whether omega-3 PUFAs could contribute to improved muscle function, starting from early life and extending throughout the lifespan. However, larger and high-quality RCTs are needed to fully elucidate the beneficial effects of omega-3 PUFAs supplementation on muscle mass and function.

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Assessment of the 4-meter walk test test-retest reliability and concurrent validity and its correlation with the five sit-to-stand test in chronic ambulatory stroke survivors

Cited by 7 publications

References 38 publications

Influence of Nutritional Status and Physical Fitness on Cognitive Domains among Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Influence of Nutritional Status and Physical Fitness on Cognitive Domains among Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Effect of a Home‐Base Core Stability Exercises in Hereditary Ataxia. A Randomized Controlled Trial. A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Omega-3 polyunsatured fatty acids and physical performance across the lifespan: a narrative review

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