Assessment of Teratogenic Effects on Cognitive and Behavioral Development in Infancy and Childhood

Jl, Jacobson; Jacobson, SW

doi:10.1037/e496212006-020

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…FeBAD suggests that injury at a critical period of organ development may cause programmatic changes, which consequently results in alterations in gene expression leading to functional deficits later in life. Since growth of the brain takes place during prenatal and infantile periods, it is also known that perturbations during this time may lead to cognitive decline during adulthood (Conel 1939;Tanner 1978;Jacobson and Jacobson 1991). Furthermore, several studies have previously suggested a link between early-life disturbances (risk factors) and the development of AD (Graves et al 1996;Snowdon et al 1996;Abbott et al 1998).…”

Section: Developmental Disturbances Pb Exposure and Amyloidogenesismentioning

confidence: 95%

The Environment, Epigenetics and Amyloidogenesis

Basha

Zawia

2007

J Mol Neurosci

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In the present investigation we examined regional ATP, glucose, and lactate content in the cortical and subcortical region, in a mouse model of controlled cortcal impact (CCI) injury. In serial tissue sections, bioluminescence imaging of ATP, glucose, and lactate was performed 1 h after a single CCI injury or sham surgery and 15 min, 1, 24, and 48 h after the induction of a second CCI injury 24 h later or sham surgery. Bioluminescence images were analyzed by computer-assisted densitometry at the lesion site, at the contralateral site, and in a subcortical region. After repetitive CCI injury, the cortical ATP content decreased bilaterally at 15 min and 1 h, and reached a significant minimum at 24 h, as compared with sham. At 48 h the ATP content bilaterally reached base level again. No significant changes in ATP were found in the subcortical region. After repetitive CCI injury, the lactate content increased bilaterally, reached a significant level at 15 min at the trauma site, and bilaterally reached a significant maximum at 1 h. Thereafter, lactate content decreased below base level without reaching significance and reached baseline again at 48 h. In the ipsilateral subcortical region, lactate content increased transiently above the baseline at 1 h and decreased to a significant minimum at 24 and 48 h. No significant changes were found in the contralateral subcortical area. No significant differences between glucose content in sham animals and the cortical and subcortical area could be measured over time; the subcortical glucose content was bilaterally lower than cortical content at all time points and reached a significant minimum bilaterally at 48 h after repetitive CCI injury compared with cortical glucose content. Single CCI injury did not affect ATP, glucose, and lactate contents at any time point. Repetitive CCI injury caused a more severe depression in cerebral metabolism at early time points after trauma compared with a single CCI injury and indicates that lactate might be an early indicator of post-traumatic metabolic disruption.

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Section: Developmental Disturbances Pb Exposure and Amyloidogenesismentioning

confidence: 95%

The Environment, Epigenetics and Amyloidogenesis

Basha

Zawia

2007

J Mol Neurosci

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“…4 Second, significant differences have been reported between cocaine‐exposed and non‐cocaine‐exposed groups on individual developmental domains, most notably speech and language for preschool‐aged children 7,104 as well as motor delays at least during the first year. 105 Third, standardized developmental assessments do not directly measure the domains of arousal and impulse regulation and attention modulation or more specific executive functions or information‐processing strategies, 106,107 areas for which there are conceptual reasons to hypothesize specific cocaine‐related effects on development. 108,109…”

Section: Neurobehavioral Profiles In Human Infants and Young Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Arousal and Attention in Preschool Children Exposed to Cocaine Prenatally

Mayes

Grillon

Granger

et al. 1998

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

149

100

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Four lines of evidence suggest a plausible link between prenatal cocaine exposure (CE) and specific effects on the mechanisms subserving arousal and attention regulation in infants and preschool-aged children. These are (1) the association of prenatal CE with alterations in monoaminergic system ontogeny; (2) neurobehavioral effects of prenatal CE in animals consistent with an enduring increased level of activity in response to novelty and inhibited exploration and altered responses to stress, suggesting overarousal in the face of novel/stressful situations and disrupted attention and exploration; (3) altered norepinephrine system function in cocaine-exposed human infants; and (4) neurobehavioral findings in infants and preschool-aged children suggestive of disrupted arousal regulation in the face of novelty, increased distractibility, and consequent impaired attention to novel, structured tasks. This paper summarizes findings on response to novel challenges from a cohort of prenatally cocaine-exposed infants and preschool-aged children followed longitudinally since birth. Arousal regulation in the face of novel challenges is operationalized behaviorally as state and emotional reactivity and neurophysiologically as the startle response and heart rate variability. Across different ages and tasks, behavioral and neurophysiological findings suggest that prenatally cocaine-exposed children are more likely to exhibit disrupted arousal regulation. Because the regulation of arousal serves as a gating mechanism to optimize orientation and attention, arousal regulation has important implications for ongoing information processing, learning, and memory. Furthermore, impaired arousal regulation predisposes children to a lower threshold for activation of "stress circuits" and may increase their vulnerability to the developmentally detrimental effects of stressful conditions particularly when such children are also exposed to the chaotic environmental conditions often characterizing substance-abusing families.

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“…Atendiendo al hecho de que, tal y como se ha señalado anteriormente, en el mayor número de casos los efectos provocados por la exposición prenatal a drogas harían referencia a dominios cognitivos concretos, se ha señalado la necesidad de desarrollar instrumentos de evaluación más específi-cos que los habitualmente empleados 5,25,26 , caso de los índices de desarrollo mental y psicomotor de las Escalas Bayley de desarrollo infantil. A pesar de que han sido muy utilizadas en el estudio de los efectos de diversos teratógenos, las Escalas Bayley evalúan aspectos excesivamente generales y han demostrado tener poca validez predictiva en la competencia cogni-FIGURA 2: Efectos del consumo de drogas por la gestante tiva posterior cuando se emplea durante el primer año de vida 26 . En cuanto al momento en que se realiza la evaluación, una de las mayores críticas efectuadas en el ámbito de la exposición prenatal a sustancias radica precisamente en que la mayor parte de estudios se centran en las primeras semanas, meses o incluso años de vida 5 , lo que podría producir un solapamiento entre los efectos agudos y subagudos de la exposición, y alteraciones más permanentes 21 .…”

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Maternidad, infancia y drogas: implicaciones clínicas

Botella¹

2004

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RESUMENObjetivos: Revisar la relación entre la exposición prenatal a drogas y el pronóstico fetal, neonatal e infantil. Material y méto-dos: se estudia el estado actual de la investigación relativa a la exposición prenatal a sustancias psicoactivas, mediante una extensa revisión de Medline y de las investigaciones de organismos norteamericanas y europeos durante los últimos años. Se presta especial atención a las dificultades metodológicas derivadas del objeto de estudio y a otros factores tales como la relación materno-infantil y las características de la mujer adicta. Resultados: la exposición prenatal a drogas se asocial a un amplio rango de complicaciones obstétricas y alteraciones neuroconductuales infantiles. Con la excepción del síndrome alcohólico fetal y otros efectos fetales ligados al alcohol, estas alteraciones suelen encontrarse en dominios cognitivos específicos y pueden estar moduladas por factores psicosociales y ambientales. Conclusiones: los niños expuestos prenatalmente a drogas pueden ser considerados un caso especial de infancia en riesgo. Es necesario investigar el impacto real de la exposición prenatal a sustancias psicoactivas y la relevancia de otros factores en su pronóstico a medio y largo plazo. Asimismo, es necesario implicar y formar a diferentes profesionales, tales como obstetras, ginecólogos y pediatras, y coordinar la intervención de las diferentes instituciones, para mejorar la atención prestada a la mujer drogodependiente y a sus hijos.Palabras clave: mujer, droga, teratógeno, embarazo de alto riesgo, manifestaciones neuroconductuales.

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Assessment of Teratogenic Effects on Cognitive and Behavioral Development in Infancy and Childhood

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

The Environment, Epigenetics and Amyloidogenesis

The Environment, Epigenetics and Amyloidogenesis

Regulation of Arousal and Attention in Preschool Children Exposed to Cocaine Prenatally

Maternidad, infancia y drogas: implicaciones clínicas

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