Assessment of Temporary Crown Extensions to Correct Linguoverted Mandibular Canine Teeth in 72 Client-Owned Dogs (2012-2016)

Abstract

A search of the medical and dental records at Evidensia Lørenskog Dyreklinikk, in Lørenskog, Norway, was conducted to identify dogs that received temporary crown extensions (TCEs) to correct linguoverted mandibular canine (LMC) teeth over a 54-month investigation period (2012-2016). Criteria for inclusion into the study were the presence of complete medical and dental records, pre- and postoperative clinical photographs and intraoral radiographs of the affected canine teeth, adequate information pertaining to the procedures performed, and at least 1 follow-up >3 months after appliance removal. Seventy-two dogs with LMC teeth were treated with TCE. Thirty-nine breeds were represented in this study. Mean age at the time of appliance installation was 6.4 (range, 4.7-13.4 months [median, 5.9 months] months). Fifty-three (73.6%) dogs presented with class I malocclusion, 14 (19.5%) dogs with class II malocclusion, and 5 (6.9%) dogs with class III malocclusion. Twenty-five (34.7%) dogs were considered to have mild, 32 (44.4%) dogs to have moderate, and 15 (20.8%) dogs to have severe mandibular canine malocclusion. The TCE was combined with other treatment modalities (active orthodontics, extraction of nonstrategic teeth, gingivectomy, and inclined bite plane and ball therapy) to correct mandibular canine tooth malocclusions in 19 (26.4%) dogs. Fractured or detached crown extensions were seen in 9 (12.5%) dogs. Soft tissue ulceration or inflammation was seen in 7 (9.7%) dogs. The mandibular canine teeth occlusion resolved completely with self-retaining, functional, nontraumatic occlusion in 56 (77.8%) dogs. Fifteen dogs (20.8%) resolved with functional, nontraumatic occlusion, but the mandibular canine teeth were too short to be perfectly self-retained, thus left with 1- to 2-mm crown extensions for permanent retention. In 1 (1.4%) dog, both mandibular canine teeth relapsed almost back to original position. The results show that TCE is a viable treatment option to correct LMC teeth in young dogs.

Skeletal-dental features in 33 bull terrier dogs

“…Observational studies of skeletal-dental changes in specific breeds are rare and to the authors’ knowledge are nonexistent in the Bull terrier breed. Although, anecdotal skeletal-dental anomalies in the Bull terrier have been reported by other authors [ 3 , 5 ].…”

Assessment of Extractions of Deciduous Mandibular Canine Teeth to Correct Linguoversion Malocclusion in 17 Dogs

“…Corrective treatment options for LMC of permanent dentition typically involve active or passive orthodontic appliances (inclined plane, crown extensions, expansion screws and W-springs), gingivoplasty, crown reductions with vital pulp therapy or surgical extraction of the adult dentition. [14][15][16][17] In the author's clinical setting the most common treatment options for adult LMC, based on severity and individual circumstances, are palatal inclined planes or crown reduction with vital pulp therapy. A palatal inclined plane is a passive orthodontic appliance that serves as a sliding board to tip the mandibular canine teeth into their desired position by relying on the intermittent forces of the muscles of mastication for orthodontic movement.…”

“…Lighter forces for coronal tipping are encouraged as this moves the fulcrum more apically and carries a better chance for success. 1,9,14,16,17 Inclined planes can be either fabricated during the anesthetic procedure using acrylic/composite or made as cast metal appliances prior to installation. Orthodontic appliances are reserved for adult malocclusion and require multiple anesthetic events with adequate owner compliance.…”

“…A palatal inclined plane is a passive orthodontic appliance that serves as a sliding board to tip the mandibular canine teeth into their desired position by relying on the intermittent forces of the muscles of mastication for orthodontic movement. 9,14–17 Tipping is the most common movement in veterinary orthodontics and refers to movement of the coronal portion of the tooth where the crown moves in opposite direction to the root. Lighter forces for coronal tipping are encouraged as this moves the fulcrum more apically and carries a better chance for success.…”

Orthodontic Treatment for Linguoversion of Mandibular Canine Teeth Using Crown Extensions

“…In one dog (1.4%) the mandibular canine teeth were too short resulting in both mandibular canine teeth reverting back to almost their original position. 5…”