Assessment of temporal dynamics of snow cover and its validation with hydro-meteorological data in parts of Chenab Basin, western Himalayas

Kour, Retinder; Patel, Nilanchal; Krishna, Akhouri Pramod

doi:10.1007/s11430-015-5243-y

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Recently, several authors [7,105] have confirmed that SCA and SD are increasing in the mountain regions and that this increase may have positive influences on glacier mass balance. The decreasing runoff trend from increased SCA was also observed in the Chenab Basin of the Himalayas [97]. With the positive trend in precipitation, summertime temperatures in the Kumalak River basin have shown a downward trend at a rate of −0.58 K/decade during 1998-2009 [100].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…This sensitivity analysis theory, as recommended by Zheng et al [96], was used to evaluate the sensitivity of monthly runoff to SCA/SD in the headwaters of the Yellow River Basins. Kour et al [97] also used the model to detect the monthly river discharge to SCA in the Chenab Basin, Western Himalayas. The equation is given as:…”

Section: Sensitivity and Correlation Analysis Between Snow Cover Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Changes in Water Discharge in Snow and Glacier Melt-Dominated Rivers in the Tienshan Mountains, Central Asia

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2020

Remote Sensing

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Global warming has generally led to changes in river runoffs fed by snow and glacier meltwater in mountain ranges. The runoff of the Aksu River, which originates in the Southern Tienshan Mountains, exhibited a positive trend during 1979–2002, but this trend reversed during 2002–2015. Through a comprehensive analysis, this study aims to estimate potential reasons for changes in the runoff of its two contrasting headwaters: the Toxkan and Kumalak Rivers, based on climatic data, the altitude of the 0 °C isotherm, glacier mass balance (GMB), snow cover area (SCA), snow depth (SD) and the sensitivity model. For the Toxkan River, the decrease in spring runoff mainly resulted from reductions in precipitation, whereas the decrease in summer runoff was mainly caused by early snowmelt in spring and a much-reduced snow meltwater supply in summer. In addition, the obvious glacier area reduction in the catchment (decreased to less than 4%) also contributed to the reduced summer runoff. For the Kumalak River, a sharp decrease rate of 10.21 × 108 m3/decade in runoff was detected due to summertime cooling of both surface and upper air temperatures. Reduced summer temperatures with a positive trend in precipitation not only inhibited glacier melting but also dropped the 0 °C layer altitude, resulting in a significant increase in summertime SCA and SD, a slowing of the glacier negative mass balance, and a lowering of the snow-line altitude.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Sensitivity and Correlation Analysis Between Snow Cover Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Changes in Water Discharge in Snow and Glacier Melt-Dominated Rivers in the Tienshan Mountains, Central Asia

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2020

Remote Sensing

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“…Shafiq et al [19] investigated the snow cover over the Kashmir Himalaya and concluded a significant increasing trend in annual mean SCA and decreasing trends in minimum and maximum temperature from 2000 to 2016. Several studies have also reported the increasing annual SCA trends over the Western Himalayas [11,34,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Long-term trend analyses were performed using the Modified Mann-Kendall test at monthly, seasonal, and annual levels for the whole study region and the different elevation zones separately. Previous studies [12,19,35,36] analyzing the SCA variation with respect to temperature, precipitation, and DEM have mainly been limited to some river basins or other specific regions. The current study considers the entire NWH region for the most recent 20 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Response of Snow Cover to the Climate in the Northwest Himalaya (NWH) Using Satellite Products

2021

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The Himalayan region is one of the most crucial mountain systems across the globe, which has significant importance in terms of the largest depository of snow and glaciers for fresh water supply, river runoff, hydropower, rich biodiversity, climate, and many more socioeconomic developments. This region directly or indirectly affects millions of lives and their livelihoods but has been considered one of the most climatically sensitive parts of the world. This study investigates the spatiotemporal variation in maximum extent of snow cover area (SCA) and its response to temperature, precipitation, and elevation over the northwest Himalaya (NWH) during 2000–2019. The analysis uses Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)/Terra 8-day composite snow Cover product (MOD10A2), MODIS/Terra/V6 daily land surface temperature product (MOD11A1), Climate Hazards Infrared Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) precipitation product, and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM product for the investigation. Modified Mann-Kendall (mMK) test and Spearman’s correlation methods were employed to examine the trends and the interrelationships between SCA and climatic parameters. Results indicate a significant increasing trend in annual mean SCA (663.88 km2/year) between 2000 and 2019. The seasonal and monthly analyses were also carried out for the study region. The Zone-wise analysis showed that the lower Himalaya (184.5 km2/year) and the middle Himalaya (232.1 km2/year) revealed significant increasing mean annual SCA trends. In contrast, the upper Himalaya showed no trend during the study period over the NWH region. Statistically significant negative correlation (−0.81) was observed between annual SCA and temperature, whereas a nonsignificant positive correlation (0.47) existed between annual SCA and precipitation in the past 20 years. It was also noticed that the SCA variability over the past 20 years has mainly been driven by temperature, whereas the influence of precipitation has been limited. A decline in average annual temperature (−0.039 °C/year) and a rise in precipitation (24.56 mm/year) was detected over the region. The results indicate that climate plays a vital role in controlling the SCA over the NWH region. The maximum and minimum snow cover frequency (SCF) was observed during the winter (74.42%) and monsoon (46.01%) season, respectively, while the average SCF was recorded to be 59.11% during the study period. Of the SCA, 54.81% had a SCF above 60% and could be considered as the perennial snow. The elevation-based analysis showed that 84% of the upper Himalaya (UH) experienced perennial snow, while the seasonal snow mostly dominated over the lower Himalaya (LH) and the middle Himalaya (MH).

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“…Observed trends in low flows need to be explained and 38 attributed to their underlying causes. Worldwide, there are few related studies and most of 39 them linked trends in monthly or yearly flows to cumulative precipitation or temperature at the 40 same temporal scale (Mavrommatis and Voudouris, 2007;Khattak et al, 2011;Ling et al, 41 2013;Huang et al, 2014;Li et al, 2014;Kour et al, 2016). In Canada and the USA, trends 42 in low flow HDIs have actually been linked to specific climate data indices (CDIs) computed 43 from cumulative rainfall, precipitation or degree-days over the course of one month up to a 44…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of a methodology to assess future trends in low flows at the watershed scale using solely climate data

Foulon

Rousseau

Gagnon

2018

Journal of Hydrology

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1Low flow conditions are governed by short-to-medium term weather conditions or long term 2 climate conditions. This prompts the question: given climate scenarios, is it possible to 3 assess future extreme low flow conditions from climate data indices (CDIs)? Or should we 4 rely on the conventional approach of using outputs of climate models as inputs to a 5 hydrological model? Several CDIs were computed using 42 climate scenarios over the years 6 1961 to 2100 for two watersheds located in Québec, Canada. The relationship between the 7 CDIs and hydrological data indices (HDIs; 7-and 30-day low flows for two hydrological 8 seasons) were examined through correlation analysis to identify the indices governing low 9 flows. Results of the Mann-Kendall test, with a modification for autocorrelated data, clearly 10 identified trends. A partial correlation analysis allowed attributing the observed trends in HDIs 11 to trends in specific CDIs. Furthermore, results showed that, even during the spatial 12 validation process, the methodological framework was able to assess trends in low flow 13 series from: (i) trends in the effective drought index (EDI) computed from rainfall plus 14 snowmelt minus PET amounts over ten to twelve months of the hydrological snow cover 15 season or (ii) the cumulative difference between rainfall and potential evapotranspiration over 16 five months of the snow free season. For 80% of the climate scenarios, trends in HDIs were 17 successfully attributed to trends in CDIs. Overall, this paper introduces an efficient 18 methodological framework to assess future trends in low flows given climate scenarios. The 19 outcome may prove useful to municipalities concerned with source water management under 20 changing climate conditions. 21 22 Keywords: 23 effective drought index; 7-day low flow; 30-day low flow; HYDROTEL; trends; climate model 24 for the 2001-2100 period, (ii) uncertainty of the climate change signal was addressed through 78 the use of 42 climate simulations, and (iii) future flows were simulated using a distributed 79 hydrological model. 80 Materials and methods 81The organization and mapping of the Materials and methods and Results sections are 82 introduced in Figure 1. Throughout the paper, and in accordance with CEHQ (2013a); IPCC 83 (2013), "simulation" or "climate simulation" refers to the raw climate model outputs. 84 "Scenario" or "climate scenario" refers to a post-processed simulation, which is a simulation 85 for which a series of specific choices have been made (study region and period, spatial and 86 temporal resolutions, bias-correction method). White boxes present how the climate 87 scenarios were obtained from 42 different bias-corrected climate simulations. Grey boxes 88 introduce the methodological framework proposed in this paper. It required computing CDIs 89 from climate data extracted from the aforementioned climate scenarios and HDIs from 90 simulated streamflows using a calibrated hydrological model. Afterwards, the statistical 91 relationships between CDIs and HD...

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Assessment of temporal dynamics of snow cover and its validation with hydro-meteorological data in parts of Chenab Basin, western Himalayas

Cited by 28 publications

References 55 publications

Recent Changes in Water Discharge in Snow and Glacier Melt-Dominated Rivers in the Tienshan Mountains, Central Asia

Recent Changes in Water Discharge in Snow and Glacier Melt-Dominated Rivers in the Tienshan Mountains, Central Asia

A Response of Snow Cover to the Climate in the Northwest Himalaya (NWH) Using Satellite Products

Development of a methodology to assess future trends in low flows at the watershed scale using solely climate data

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