Assessment of tear drainage by fluorescein dye disappearance test after experimental canalicular obstruction

Öğüt, Mehdi Süha; Bavbek, Tayfun; Kazokoğlu, Haluk

doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1993.tb04963.x

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, there was a weak negative correlation between TMH and TMA, respectively, with the clinical and OCT measured punctal diameters that were statistically insignificant. This reflects the incorporation of multiple physiological mechanisms in tear drainage and tear film maintenance and is in accordance with the studies that showed that the lower punctum is not the major route for tear elimination [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Evaluation of the Lower Punctum Parameters and Morphology Using Spectral Domain Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography

Allam

Ahmed

2015

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose. To study features of the lower punctum in normal subjects using spectral domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SD AS-OCT). Methods. Observational cross-sectional study that included 147 punctae (76 subjects). Punctae were evaluated clinically for appearance, position, and size. AS-OCT was used to evaluate the punctal shape, contents, and junction with the vertical canaliculus. Inner and outer diameters as well as depth were measured. Results. 24 males and 52 females (mean age 44 ± 14.35 y) were included. Lower punctum was perceived by OCT to be an area with an outer diameter (mean 412.16 ± 163 μm), inner diameter (mean 233.67 ± 138.73 μm), and depth (mean 251.7 ± 126.58 μm). The OCT measured outer punctum diameter was significantly less than that measured clinically (P: 0.000). Seven major shapes were identified. The junction with the vertical canaliculus was detectable in 44%. Fluid was detected in 34%, one of which had an air bubble; however, 63% of punctae showed no contents and 4% had debris. Conclusions. AS-OCT can be a useful tool in understanding the anatomy of the punctum and distal lacrimal system as well as tear drainage physiology. Measuring the punctum size may play a role in plugs fitting.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Evaluation of the Lower Punctum Parameters and Morphology Using Spectral Domain Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography

Allam

Ahmed

2015

Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…A study used a drop test to evaluate the relative contribution of the upper and lower LC to lacrimal drainage capacity and showed that 40% of tears were drained through the upper LC 28 . Other studies using fluorescein dye and dacryoscintigraphy suggested equal drainage capacity of each LC 29,30 . Since the LCW was not directly translated to the lacrimal drainage capacity, the exact contribution to lacrimal drainage from each LC could not be determined in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…28 Other studies using fluorescein dye and dacryoscintigraphy suggested equal drainage capacity of each LC. 29,30 Since the LCW was not directly translated to the lacrimal drainage capacity, the exact contribution to lacrimal drainage from each LC could not be determined in our study. However, since the upper LCW showed a significant expansion after AT instillation in this study, the upper LC was thought to have played an important role in tear drainage when the tear volume was increased, which is in line with previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…However, since the upper LCW showed a significant expansion after AT instillation in this study, the upper LC was thought to have played an important role in tear drainage when the tear volume was increased, which is in line with previous studies. [28][29][30] The mean return time of LCW to its initial width was 3.8 ± 0.8 min. In this study, three drops of AT were instilled to achieve the widest image of the LC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Evaluation of the upper and lower proximal lacrimal canaliculi using spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography in normal Beagle dogs

Shim

Kang

Lee

et al. 2021

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Objective To confirm the feasibility of visualizing upper and lower proximal lacrimal canaliculi (LC) using spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT). Animals studied Eight eyes of four normal Beagle dogs. Procedures To obtain an upper proximal LC image, the head was turned in the opposite direction to the eye being imaged, and the medial part of the upper eyelid was everted to expose the LC. To obtain a lower LC image, the lower eyelid was everted just below the punctum. Using “angle mode”, the scan line was placed parallel on the long axis of the LC. The inlet LC width (LCW) was measured. Artificial tears (AT) were instilled, and LCW was compared before and after AT instillation. Additionally, the return time to the initial LCW inlet width was recorded. Results Before AT instillation, there was a significant difference between the mean upper and lower LCW (91.8 ± 3.2 µm and 110.1 ± 8.4 µm, respectively). After AT instillation, the mean upper and lower LCW were 236.9 ± 27.7 µm and 238.4 ± 30.4 µm, respectively. Significant differences in the LCW before and after AT instillation in both the upper and lower LCWs were observed. The mean return time of the upper and lower LCW to their initial widths after AT instillation was within 4 min. Conclusions Spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography was an effective method for providing high‐resolution images of the upper and lower proximal LC. This method enables observation of LC changes after instillation of eyedrops in veterinary clinical practice.

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Clinical efficacy of the smartplug™ in the treatment of primary Sjogren’s syndrome with keratoconjunctivitis SICCA: one-year follow-up study

Eğrilmez

Aslan²,

Karabulut

et al. 2010

Rheumatol Int

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To evaluate the efficacy of a thermo-sensitive punctum plug, (SmartPlug™) in Primary Sjogren's Syndrome (pSS) patients with dry eyes, whose symptoms persist despite preservative-free artificial tear treatment. In this study, 22 Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS), as defined by American-European Consensus Group Classification Criteria. All patients being followed up by Ege University Departments of Rheumatology and Ophthalmology. The patients had positive Schirmer test results (<5 mm without anesthesia). SmartPlug™ (Medennium, Irvine, California, USA) was inserted into the inferior lacrimal canaliculi of both eyes. Visual acuity measurements, Schirmer I test measurements, lissamine green staining scores, and tear-film breakup times (BUT) were noted before plug insertion and at the 1st, 6th, and 12th months following the procedure. Minimum follow-up period was 6 months for 19 patients and 12 months for 16 patients. Significant improvements were seen in the Schirmer I test scores (before insertion: 1.98 ± 2.67; 1st month: 5.68 ± 6.69; 6th month: 5.35 ± 5.38; 12th month 6.43 ± 5.14 P = 0.006), tear-film BUT in seconds (before insertion: 4.64 ± 3.7; 1st month: 5.80 ± 2.36; 6th month: 7.53 ± 2.92; 12th month 7.50 ± 2.52, P < 0.0001), respectively. Thermodynamic punctum plug insertion only in inferior canaliculus is a simple, effective, and comfortable option for treatment of severe aqueous tear deficiency that cannot be controlled using preservative-free tears.

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Assessment of tear drainage by fluorescein dye disappearance test after experimental canalicular obstruction

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

Evaluation of the Lower Punctum Parameters and Morphology Using Spectral Domain Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography

Evaluation of the Lower Punctum Parameters and Morphology Using Spectral Domain Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography

Evaluation of the upper and lower proximal lacrimal canaliculi using spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography in normal Beagle dogs

Clinical efficacy of the smartplug™ in the treatment of primary Sjogren’s syndrome with keratoconjunctivitis SICCA: one-year follow-up study

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