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An urgent problem of social and economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation is a steady process of depopulation, which is especially acute in rural areas. Thus, the results of a study of the interdependence of the demographic situation, social and economic situation, quality of life and the state of the environment indicate stable negative trends in the regions of Volga Federal District. The assessment of integral indicators for economic, social, environmental and demographic blocks, each of which is represented by official state statistics, made it possible to assess the degree of their differentiation between the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the causal relationships between them. To classify the regions of Volga Federal District, a hierarchical cluster analysis was carried out using the full connection method, which made it possible to combine them into 3 relatively homogeneous clusters and obtain characteristics for the main blocks - elements of sustainable development. The cluster with a high level of development included 4 regions - the Republic of Tatarstan, Perm Territory, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara regions. The cluster with an average level is represented by 4 subjects of the Russian Federation - the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Republic of Mari El, the Chuvash Republic and the Orenburg region. The regions of 3 clusters have a low level of development, namely the Republic of Mordovia, the Udmurt Republic, the Kirov, Penza, Saratov and Ulyanovsk regions. According to the results of a comparative analysis, both in terms of average indicators of clusters and in individual regions, it is stated that the demographic situation in almost all subjects of Volga Federal District on average for 2019-2021 was unfavorable, the actual indicators significantly exceed the maximum critical values of demographic security. The study of the demographics of the municipalities of the Republic of Mordovia, one of the most crisis regions of Volga Federal District, testifies to an even deeper differentiation of the demographic state, requiring government decisions. This, in turn, is associated with the formation and implementation of an ecistic policy in the regions with the general goal of saving people, especially in peripheral rural areas with a demographic crisis and a low level of economic and social development. It is argued that a regular spatial analysis of the demographic situation is necessary when predicting the social and economic development of regions and municipalities in the long and medium term, as well as when assessing the activities of state regional and municipal authorities.
An urgent problem of social and economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation is a steady process of depopulation, which is especially acute in rural areas. Thus, the results of a study of the interdependence of the demographic situation, social and economic situation, quality of life and the state of the environment indicate stable negative trends in the regions of Volga Federal District. The assessment of integral indicators for economic, social, environmental and demographic blocks, each of which is represented by official state statistics, made it possible to assess the degree of their differentiation between the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the causal relationships between them. To classify the regions of Volga Federal District, a hierarchical cluster analysis was carried out using the full connection method, which made it possible to combine them into 3 relatively homogeneous clusters and obtain characteristics for the main blocks - elements of sustainable development. The cluster with a high level of development included 4 regions - the Republic of Tatarstan, Perm Territory, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara regions. The cluster with an average level is represented by 4 subjects of the Russian Federation - the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Republic of Mari El, the Chuvash Republic and the Orenburg region. The regions of 3 clusters have a low level of development, namely the Republic of Mordovia, the Udmurt Republic, the Kirov, Penza, Saratov and Ulyanovsk regions. According to the results of a comparative analysis, both in terms of average indicators of clusters and in individual regions, it is stated that the demographic situation in almost all subjects of Volga Federal District on average for 2019-2021 was unfavorable, the actual indicators significantly exceed the maximum critical values of demographic security. The study of the demographics of the municipalities of the Republic of Mordovia, one of the most crisis regions of Volga Federal District, testifies to an even deeper differentiation of the demographic state, requiring government decisions. This, in turn, is associated with the formation and implementation of an ecistic policy in the regions with the general goal of saving people, especially in peripheral rural areas with a demographic crisis and a low level of economic and social development. It is argued that a regular spatial analysis of the demographic situation is necessary when predicting the social and economic development of regions and municipalities in the long and medium term, as well as when assessing the activities of state regional and municipal authorities.
Relevance. In modern economic conditions it is necessary to improve the management process of regional development, to find resources to increase the economic security of the region, to increase the sustainability of the development of regional socio-economic system in an uncertain external environment. An essential resource for the development of regions and the country as a whole is the activity of small business.The purpose is to develop an algorithm for comprehensive assessment of regional development, including the analysis of correlation with labor productivity of small and medium-sized enterprises.Objectives: to analyze approaches to the essence and content of the concept of "development" of the enterprise and the region in the modern conditions of the Russian economy; to formulate the main goals and directions of development of the enterprise and the region in accordance with differentiated approaches to the interpretation of development; to develop and apply the algorithm of complex assessment of regional development on factual materials; to determine strategic directions of formation of the environment of small and medium-sized entrepreneurship to strengthen the propulsive impact on the regional development.Methodology. The basis of the conducted research are the methods of system analysis, expert evaluation, correlation and regression analysis, methods of analysis and synthesis, graphic and tabular visualization of the obtained research results.Results. It is proposed to identify the propulsive impact of SME activity as a structural element of the regional socio-economic system on the final results of its development. The research and measurement of socio-economic development of the regions of the Central Federal District in accordance with the proposed algorithm, one of the stages of which is the assessment of the correlation between the level of development of the region and the productivity of small and medium-sized enterprises. On the basis of the obtained data the directions of creation of favorable guarantee conditions for the support of small and medium-sized entrepreneurship as a multiplier of socioeconomic development are determined.Conclusions. Within the framework of the conducted research the technology of research and assessment of the impact of small and medium-sized entrepreneurship on regional development with the subsequent transformation of the assessment results into strategic directions of formation of favorable and stimulating environment for small business as a driver of regional development was proposed.
Subject. This article considers the region as a dynamic system. Objectives. The article aims to group the regions of Russia according to the level of stability and determine the prospects for the economic development of these groups from the systems theory point of view. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of logical, cluster, comparative, correlation and regression analyses. Results. The article divides the regions of Russia into six groups (virtual clusters) depending on the level of socio-ecological-economic stability. A reduction in the average life expectancy of the population should be considered as a general indicator characterizing the low level of stability. Conclusions. A decrease in the number of students in universities, a decrease in the level of employment, as well as environmental problems pose a threat in the strategic perspective for the regions of Russia characterized by a low level of sustainability.
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