Assessment of survival ofListeria monocytogenes,SalmonellaInfantis andEnterococcus faecalisartificially inoculated into experimental waste or compost

Paniel, Nathalie; Rousseaux, Sandrine; Gourland, P.; Poitrenaud, M.; Guzzo, Jean

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04584.x

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Competition between microorganisms within compost piles may also increase microbial diversity, potentially providing ecological niches for pathogen regrowth (Paniel et al, 2010). Microorganism diversity within compost piles has a direct effect on the biological activity and soil microbial community when manure‐based compost is applied (Wang et al, 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of Pirlimycin and Antibiotic‐Resistant Fecal Coliforms in Field Plots Amended with Dairy Manure or Compost during Vegetable Cultivation

et al. 2018

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Identification of agricultural practices that mitigate the environmental dissemination of antibiotics is a key need in reducing the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria of human health concern. Here, we aimed to compare the effects of crop (lettuce [ L.] or radish [ L.]), soil amendment type (inorganic fertilizer, raw dairy manure, composted dairy manure, or no amendment), and prior antibiotic use history (no antibiotics during previous lactation cycles vs. manure mixed from cows administered pirlimycin or cephapirin) of manure-derived amendments on the incidence of culturable antibiotic-resistant fecal coliforms in agricultural soils through a controlled field-plot experiment. Antibiotic-resistant culturable fecal coliforms were recoverable from soils across all treatments immediately after application, although persistence throughout the experiment varied by antibiotic class and time. The magnitude of observed coliform counts differed by soil amendment type. Compost-amended soils had the highest levels of cephalosporin-resistant fecal coliforms, regardless of whether the cows from which the manure was derived were administered antibiotics. Samples from control plots or those treated with inorganic fertilizer trended toward lower counts of resistant coliforms, although these differences were not statistically significant. No statistical differences were observed between soils that grew leafy (lettuce) versus rooted (radish) crops. Only pirlimycin was detectable past amendment application in raw manure-amended soils, dissipating 12 to 25% by Day 28. Consequently, no quantifiable correlations between coliform count and antibiotic magnitude could be identified. This study demonstrates that antibiotic-resistant fecal coliforms can become elevated in soils receiving manure-derived amendments, but that a variety of factors likely contribute to their long-term persistence under typical field conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of Pirlimycin and Antibiotic‐Resistant Fecal Coliforms in Field Plots Amended with Dairy Manure or Compost during Vegetable Cultivation

et al. 2018

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“…one of the three aforementioned pathogens. Compost at the week 8 stage also showed greater microbial diversity than composts aged 0 to 6 weeks, indicating that the diversity of mesophilic organisms present in the cooling stage may have inhibited pathogen growth and survival (59). Other studies have shown that S. Typhimurium growth was significantly greater in composted biosolids which had been sterilized than in nonsterilized composted biosolids, indicating that indigenous microorganisms play a role in inhibiting S. Typhimurium growth (65).…”

Section: Microbial Competition Inhibiting Pathogen Growth In Compostmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…No single physicochemical factor was able to predict if a compost sample could support the regrowth of pathogens; however, moisture content, C:N ratio, and total organic carbon levels were the three physicochemical factors which contributed the most to the regrowth potential of pathogens in finished compost. Other reports support the difficulty in identifying a single physicochemical factor which can predict resuscitation of pathogens in compost (59). Increased relative humidity (percent moisture), has been shown to prolong bacterial survival in finished composts.…”

Section: Resuscitation/regrowth Of Pathogens In Compostmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Importance of Soil Amendments: Survival of Bacterial Pathogens in Manure and Compost Used as Organic Fertilizers

Sharma

Reynnells

2016

Microbiol Spectr

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Biological soil amendments (BSAs) such as manure and compost are frequently used as organic fertilizers to improve the physical and chemical properties of soils. However, BSAs have been known to be a reservoir for enteric bacterial pathogens such as enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), Salmonella spp., and Listeria spp. There are numerous mechanisms by which manure may transfer pathogens to growing fruits and vegetables, and several outbreaks of infections have been linked to manure-related contamination of leafy greens. In the United States several commodity-specific guidelines and current and proposed federal rules exist to provide guidance on the application of BSAs as fertilizers to soils, some of which require an interval between the application of manure to soils and the harvest of fruits and vegetables. This review examines the survival, persistence, and regrowth/resuscitation of bacterial pathogens in manure, biosolids, and composts. Moisture, along with climate and the physicochemical properties of soil, manure, or compost, plays a significant role in the ability of pathogens to persist and resuscitate in amended soils. Adaptation of enteric bacterial pathogens to the nonhost environment of soils may also extend their persistence in manure- or compost-amended soils. The presence of antibiotic-resistance genes in soils may also be increased by manure application. Overall, BSAs applied as fertilizers to soils can support the survival and regrowth of pathogens. BSAs should be handled and applied in a manner that reduces the prevalence of pathogens in soils and the likelihood of transfer of food-borne pathogens to fruits and vegetables. This review will focus on two BSAs-raw manure and composted manure (and other feedstocks)-and predominantly on the survival of enteric bacterial pathogens in BSAs as applied to soils as organic fertilizers.

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“…Generic Escherichia coli indicator levels are currently monitored to ensure the safety of produce; however, the persistence of Salmonella on the surfaces of peaches, cantaloupes, lettuce, and bell peppers has been shown to be very different from that of E. coli (9,10). In general, Salmonella survives better outside of its animal hosts than E. coli (11) and can persist in processed organic waste and amended soils better than fecal coliforms, although its persistence appears to be strain and/or site dependent (12)(13)(14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Avirulent Salmonella Surrogate for Modeling Pathogen Behavior in Pre- and Postharvest Environments

Moraes

Chapin

Ginn³

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Recurrent outbreaks of bacterial gastroenteritis linked to the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables highlight the paucity of understanding of the ecology of Salmonella enterica under crop production and postharvest conditions. These gaps in knowledge are due, at least in part, to the lack of suitable surrogate organisms for studies for which biosafety level 2 is problematic. Therefore, we constructed and validated an avirulent strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The strain lacks major Salmonella pathogenicity islands SPI-1, SPI-2, SPI-3, SPI-4, and SPI-5 as well as the virulence plasmid pSLT. Deletions and the absence of genomic rearrangements were confirmed by genomic sequencing, and the surrogate behaved like the parental wildtype strain on selective media. A loss-of-function (phoN) selective marker allowed the differentiation of this strain from wildtype strains on a medium containing a chromogenic substrate for alkaline phosphatase. Lack of virulence was confirmed by oral infection of female BALB/c mice. The strain persisted in tomatoes, cantaloupes, leafy greens, and soil with the same kinetics as the parental wild-type and selected outbreak strains, and it reached similar final population levels. The responses of this strain to heat treatment and disinfectants were similar to those of the wild type, supporting its potential as a surrogate for future studies on the ecology and survival of Salmonella in production and processing environments. IMPORTANCEThere is significant interest in understanding the ecology of human pathogens in environments outside of their animal hosts, including the crop production environment. However, manipulative field experiments with virulent human pathogens are unlikely to receive regulatory approval due to the obvious risks. Therefore, we constructed an avirulent strain of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and characterized it extensively. O utbreaks of human disease caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica have been linked to sprouts, fruits, vegetables, and nuts that were contaminated at various points in the production cycle (1-8). Generic Escherichia coli indicator levels are currently monitored to ensure the safety of produce; however, the persistence of Salmonella on the surfaces of peaches, cantaloupes, lettuce, and bell peppers has been shown to be very different from that of E. coli (9, 10). In general, Salmonella survives better outside of its animal hosts than E. coli (11) and can persist in processed organic waste and amended soils better than fecal coliforms, although its persistence appears to be strain and/or site dependent (12-14).There is significant interest in understanding the ecology of specific pathogens in the environment outside of their animal hosts. However, field experiments with virulent human pathogens are unlikely to receive regulatory approval due to the obvious risks associated with environmental exposure. Surrogate organisms have been used to better understand how human pathogens survive in environments and respond to...

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Assessment of survival ofListeria monocytogenes,SalmonellaInfantis andEnterococcus faecalisartificially inoculated into experimental waste or compost

Cited by 15 publications

References 51 publications

Fate of Pirlimycin and Antibiotic‐Resistant Fecal Coliforms in Field Plots Amended with Dairy Manure or Compost during Vegetable Cultivation

Fate of Pirlimycin and Antibiotic‐Resistant Fecal Coliforms in Field Plots Amended with Dairy Manure or Compost during Vegetable Cultivation

Importance of Soil Amendments: Survival of Bacterial Pathogens in Manure and Compost Used as Organic Fertilizers

Development of an Avirulent Salmonella Surrogate for Modeling Pathogen Behavior in Pre- and Postharvest Environments

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