Assessment of suitable habitat of mangrove species for prioritizing restoration in coastal ecosystem of Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, India

Abstract

Mangrove forests being the abode of diverse fauna and flora are vital for healthy coastal ecosystems. These forests act as a carbon sequester and protection shield against floods, storms, and cyclones. The mangroves of the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve (SBR), being one of the most dynamic and productive ecosystems in the world are in constant degradation. Hence, habitat suitability assessment of mangrove species is of paramount significance for its restoration and ecological benefits. The study aims to assess and prioritize restoration targets for 18 true mangrove species using 10 machine-learning algorithm-based habitat suitability models in the SBR. We identified the degraded mangrove areas between 1975 and 2020 by using Landsat images and field verification. The reserve was divided into 5609 grids using 1 km gird size for understanding the nature of mangrove degradation and collection of species occurrence data. A total of 36 parameters covering physical, environmental, soil, water, bio-climatic and disturbance aspects were chosen for habitat suitability assessment. Niche overlay function and grid-based habitat suitability classes were used to identify the species-based restoration prioritize grids. Habitat suitability analysis revealed that nearly half of the grids are highly suitable for mangrove habitat in the Reserve. Restoration within highly suitable mangrove grids could be achieved in the areas covered with less than 75 percent mangroves and lesser anthropogenic disturbance. The study calls for devising effective management strategies for monitoring and conserving the degraded mangrove cover. Monitoring and effective management strategies can help in maintaining and conserving the degraded mangrove cover. The model proves to be useful for assessing site suitability for restoring mangroves. The other geographical regions interested in assessing habitat suitability and prioritizing the restoration of mangroves may find the methodology adopted in this study effective.

Seasonal variation in spider abundance in Muthupet mangroves, South East coast of Tamilnadu, India

“…Surveys attempting to construct a database on spider assemblage and habitat preference have allured the attention of researchers in recent years (Castanheira et al, 2016;Anindita et al, 2017;Campbell & Engelbrecht, 2018;Kapilkumar et al, 2019;Malhotra et al, 2019), attributing for their signi cant role in the conservation of these mega-diversi ed creatures (Chetia and Kalita, 2012). Although studies unravelling the diversity of spider faunal species endemic to Southeast Asian mangroves, being branded as biologically richer than any other habitats in the world is highly scarce (Hughes, 2017;Sahana et al, 2022). As a preliminary investigation, we enlightened the existence of 9 spider species inhabiting the Muthupet mangrove in our previous study (Muthukumaravel et al, 2013).…”

Floristic Diversity of Mangrove Restoration Area: A Case Study in Pasar Rawa, North Sumatra

“…On the other hand, an open canopy could increase the abundance of S. alba, while some minor gaps may hinder light-requiring species from forming and flourishing in other inland zones. Changing disturbance regimes and regeneration strategies (for example, light needs) under the dominant canopy may assist in keeping the existing species composition in each vegetative zone (Sahana et al 2022). Winata et al (2017) additionally stated that S. alba regenerates slowly under monoculture reforestation.…”

Sediment Carbon Stock in Natural and Transplanted Mangroves in Bahrain, Arabian Gulf

“…Several factors should be integrated into the assessment of suitable habitats for mangrove afforestation. These can include physical, environmental, soil, water characteristics, climatic conditions, sources of disturbance, and anthropogenic stressors [79]. Additionally, adequate monitoring and reporting of the afforestation programs [77] and adaptive management approaches that integrate environmental, social and economic aspects and coordinate the efforts of different stakeholders [3] can contribute to both the protection and restoration of mangrove ecosystems.…”