Assessment of Sub-chronic Effect of Two Artificial Food Additives on Selected Biochemical Parameters in Wistar Rats

Ikechukwu, Gavin C.; Egba, Simeon Ikechukwu; Ibeh, Raymond C.; Helal, Eman G.E.; Ejiofor, Emmanuel U.; Okafor, PO

doi:10.3923/jpt.2017.180.190

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It also agrees with Imafidon and Okunrobo [16], who reported significant increase in serum bilirubin in rats treated with Sudan dyes. Ikechukwu, et al [17] also reported significant elevation in serum bilirubin in rats administered amaranth dye.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The liver has been observed to be more susceptible to chemical attack because it is the primary organ responsible for the biotransformation of xenobiotics [20]. In a case of hepatocellular damage (alteration of membrane permeability) resulting from chemical toxicity, liver enzymes ALT, AST, ALP (they are cytoplasmic enzymes) leak into the blood thus increasing their serum levels [17,21]. A possible mechanism for azo dyeinduced hepatocellular damage is the reactive radicals produced from the metabolism of the dye.…”

Section: Test For Adulteration Of Palm Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochemical Changes in Hematological and Liver Parameters in Albino Rats Exposed to Azo Dye Adulterated Palm Oil

Ibukun¹,

Rotimi²,

Augustine³

2021

J Toxicol Risk Assess

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In West Africa, the manufacturing and processing of palm oil are done on a small, medium, and large scale, it is therefore almost impossible to detect fraud in the system. A major disadvantage associated with the use of adulterants in palm oil is that the adulterants have not undergone adequate research and the degree of health hazards they can pose to humans when consumed. This study was designed to evaluate the toxic effects of azo dye adulterated palm oil on hematological and liver parameters in albino rats. Twenty-five albino rats were divided into five groups and treated as thus; group I (control), groups II and III (1 ml/kg of unadulterated and adulterated palm oil respectively), groups IV and V (50 mg/kg Sudan III and IV respectively) for 28 days. Hematological parameters were determined using an automated analyzer and liver function tests were determined using analytical test kits. The result showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the activity of liver enzymes aminotransferases (ALT, AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin in groups III, IV, and V when compared to control groups (I and II), while higher values of albumin concentration were observed in control groups when compared to other groups. A non-significant (p > 0.05) decrease in red and white blood cell indices were observed in groups III, IV, and V in comparison to control groups. This research suggests that exposure to adulterated palm oil can predispose an individual to hepatocellular damage/malfunction and blood cells lysis, thus, not safe for consumption.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Test For Adulteration Of Palm Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Changes in Hematological and Liver Parameters in Albino Rats Exposed to Azo Dye Adulterated Palm Oil

Ibukun¹,

Rotimi²,

Augustine³

2021

J Toxicol Risk Assess

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“…The abnormal elevation of the liver enzymes (ALT and AST) is usually associated with liver damage or alteration in bile flow [ 57 ]. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a cytosolic enzyme secreted primarily by liver cells and released into the blood stream when these cells are damaged [ 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a liver-specific enzyme, the most sensitive marker for liver cell damage, indicator of hepatotoxicity [ 44 ]. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is found primarily in the red blood cells, cardiac and skeletal muscles, lungs, and kidney; it is not specific to liver as ALT [ 57 ]. A significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities in serum for the 125 mg/kg treated group and 500 mg/kg treated group was recorded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The liver and kidneys have fundamental roles in the metabolism and excretion of drugs or plant products [ 39 ]. Exogenous chemicals and their metabolites might result in toxicity or cell damage on these organs [ 57 ]. Therefore, the assessment of histopathological alterations in these organs is considered as a basic test in the safety assessment of tested materials [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study of an Ethanolic Root Extract of Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. in Wistar Rats

Sindete

Gbankoto

Osseni

et al. 2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Background. Plant medicine is the oldest form of health care known to mankind; hence, studies on their safety for use are essential for the control of adverse drug effects. In Benin, Caesalpinia bonduc is one of many medicinal plants used as aphrodisiac, and for treatment of various ailments including prostatic hyperplasia. Despite its numerous ethnomedicinal benefits, toxicological information associated with its chronic use is currently limited. Objective. The present study therefore assessed the toxicity of an ethanolic root extract of Caesalpinia bonduc in Wistar rats. Methods. Caesalpinia bonduc root extract was administered by oral gavage at doses of 31.25, 125, and 500 mg/kg/day for 90 days to male Wistar rats, after which body weight changes, food consumption, urinary parameters, hematological and blood biochemical parameters, organ weights changes, gross pathology, and histopathology of vital organs were assessed. Results. There were no death or abnormal clinical signs, no significant changes in body weight gain or urinary parameters, and no changes in necropsy and histopathology findings of vital organs associated with extract treatment. However, some indices such as erythrocytes, total cholesterol, and aspartate amino transferase increased in rats treated with high doses of the extract, as well as relative weight of testes, followed by a decrease in food intake and prostate relative weight. Conclusion. The results indicate that an ethanolic root extract of Caesalpinia bonduc does not cause significant adverse effects and suggest its tolerability up to 500 mg/kg for daily administration of 90 days.

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Safety Assessment of AYUSH SC-3 through Acute and 90 Days Repeated Dose Oral Toxicity Study

Gaidhani,

Reddy,

Ala

et al. 2023

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The present study is focused on establishing the safety of the formulation through acute and 90 days of repeated oral dose toxicity as per the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines. During the acute toxicity test, the drug was orally administered at a limited test dose of 2000 mg/kg. Clinical signs, feed and body weight were recorded. At the end of 14 days, the animals were euthanized and subjected to a detailed post-mortem examination (necropsy). As per OECD, 408 the 90 days repeated dose oral toxicity study was carried out with three different doses of test drug i.e., 1500, 1000 and 500 mg/kg. Cage side observations, body weight and feed intake were recorded. Upon termination of the study, urine analysis, haematology and clinical biochemical examinations were performed. Finally, the rats were subjected to euthanasia, a gross necropsy was conducted and vital organs were weighed and made prone for histopathological evaluation. Cage-side observation of AYUSH-SC-3 treated animals showed no signs of toxicity, and the mortality or moribund state was observed in both of the studies. No significant change in body weight and feed intake was seen in AYUSH-SC-3 treated animals. Gross morphology and necropsy findings of the animals revealed no treatment-related. Haematological and biochemical parameters of rats treated with AYUSH-SC-3 were found to be non-significant when compared to the control group. Necropsy findings and relative organ weights did not change significantly. Further, the histopathological analysis of major organs showed no major lesions and treatment-related changes. The LD50 of AYUSH SC-3 is greater than 2000 mg/kg and NOAEL is up to 1500 mg/kg.

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Assessment of Sub-chronic Effect of Two Artificial Food Additives on Selected Biochemical Parameters in Wistar Rats

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Biochemical Changes in Hematological and Liver Parameters in Albino Rats Exposed to Azo Dye Adulterated Palm Oil

Biochemical Changes in Hematological and Liver Parameters in Albino Rats Exposed to Azo Dye Adulterated Palm Oil

A 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study of an Ethanolic Root Extract of Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. in Wistar Rats

Safety Assessment of AYUSH SC-3 through Acute and 90 Days Repeated Dose Oral Toxicity Study

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