Assessment of Storm Surge Disaster Potential for the Andaman Islands

Kumar, Vijayant; Babu, V. Ramesh; Babu, M.T.; Dhinakaran, G.; Rajamanickam, G. V.

doi:10.2112/05-0506.1

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Offshore wave heights during the SW-monsoon can reach up to 5 m . During the NE-monsoon, wave influence is negligible, yet strong typhoons can occur in this part of Thailand, although they are generally rare (Kumar et al, 2008;Brand, 2009, Phantuwongraj andChoowong, 2011). No such events occurred between the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the period of our measurements (data by the Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre-Tropical Cyclones, RMSC, New Delhi).…”

Section: Investigation Areamentioning

confidence: 65%

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Sediment distribution on the inner continental shelf off Khao Lak (Thailand) after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

et al. 2012

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The coastline of Khao Lak (Thailand) was heavily damaged by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Onshore tsunami deposits and satellite images, which show large amounts of sediment transported offshore, indicate that the seafloor was impacted by tsunami run-up and backwash. In this study, high-resolution maps of sediment distribution patterns and the geological development of the seafloor are presented. These maps are based on multibeam, side-scan sonar and seismic profiling surveys offshore Khao Lak. Paleoreefs, with associated boulder fields and sandy sediment dominate the inner continental shelf. Patches of fine-grained (silt to fine sand) sediments exist in water depths of less than 15 m. The sediment distribution pattern is stable between 2008 and 2010, apart from small shifts regarding the boundaries of the fine-grained sediment patches. In one sediment core and several grab samples an event layer was documented, situated below a cover of modern sediments which is only a few cm thick. The event-layer is traced down to 18 m water depth. It consists mostly of sand and contains compounds of terrigenous origin. It is interpreted as a 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami deposit. However, over large areas of the study-site, the impact of the tsunami is hardly identifiable by seafloor morphology or sediment distribution.

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Section: Investigation Areamentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Phantuwongraj and Choowong, 2011) with a return period in the range of decades. Their influence is generally minor (Kumar et al, 2008;Brand, 2009). No severe storm event affected the area between the time of the 2004 tsunami and the end of our sampling campaigns.…”

Section: Identification Of Offshore Tsunami Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment distribution on the inner continental shelf off Khao Lak (Thailand) after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

et al. 2012

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“…The study area is located next to the area in Thailand which was most damaged during the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami (Bell et al, 2005;Szczuciński et al, 2006). Moreover, strong storms are rare in this area, increasing the preservation potential of tsunami deposits on the seafloor Kumar et al, 2008). Previous post-tsunami seafloor mapping surveys (Di Geronimo et al, 2009;Feldens et al, 2009) reported discontinuous muddy sediment patches and a channel-like system next to an ancient reef platform located in shallow water (5 to 15 m).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In the period between the tsunami and the time of collection, neither big storms nor intense anthropogenic offshore activities affected the region. Several tropical cyclones were recorded during the 20th century and passed near the study area; the last major cyclone in this region was Cyclone Gay in 1989 (Kumar et al, 2008;Brand, 2009). However, despite the fact that these events were recorded in middle continental shelf deposits (Szczuciński, 2010), they have not been found to cause significant sedimentological change in the eastern coastal region of the Andaman Sea due to their westward-oriented tracks (Brand, 2009).…”

Section: Evidence Of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary deposits left by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami on the inner continental shelf offshore of Khao Lak, Andaman Sea (Thailand)

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Szczuciński

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et al. 2012

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Tsunami waves leave sedimentary signatures both onshore and offshore, although the latter are hardly known. The objective of the present study is to provide new evidence for the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami deposits left on the inner continental shelf of the Andaman Sea (Thailand) and to identify diagnostic sedimentological and geochemical properties of these deposits. Based on extensive seafloor mapping, three sediment cores were selected for study and were analysed for their sedimentary structures, grain size composition, chemical elemental composition, physical properties and 210 Pb activity. Sediment cores retrieved from shallow water (9-15 m) within 7.5 km off the shore revealed distinct event layers, which were interpreted as being tsunami deposits. These 20-25 cm thick deposits were already covered with post-tsunami marine sediments. They were composed of several units, marine sand layers alternating with poorly sorted mud with terrigenous and anthropogenic components, representing different hydrodynamic conditions (probably during run-up and backwash phase). These sedimentological observations were supported by geochemical and physical data and were confirmed using 210 Pb dating. A sediment core taken from a depth of 57 m at a distance of 25 km offshore did not reveal clear event deposits. Comparisons with available data from offshore tsunami deposits showed that there is no single set of signatures that could be applied to identify this kind of deposits.

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“…Along the Bangladesh coast itself, tropical storms of 1876, 1891, 1970 and 1991, and the subsequent surges taken a toll of 100,000 lives (Gönnert et al 2001). It may also be noted that storm surges in the Bay of Bengal attracted the largest number of publications such as Das (1972), Flierl and Robinson (1972), Murty et al (1986), Khalil (1992), Vatvani et al (2000), Rao et al (2004), Kumar et al (2008) and Dube et al (2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Storm surges in the Singapore Strait due to winds in the South China Sea

et al. 2012

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Among the semi-enclosed basins of the world ocean, the South China Sea (SCS) is unique in its configuration as it lies under the main southwest-northeast pathway of the seasonal monsoons. The northeast (NE) monsoon (November-February) and southwest (SW) monsoon (June-August) dominate the large-scale sea level dynamics of the SCS. Sunda Shelf at the southwest part of SCS tends to amplify Sea Level Anomalies (SLAs) generated by winds over the sea. The entire region, bounded by Gulf of Thailand on the north, Karimata Strait on the south, east cost of Peninsular Malaysia on the west, and break of Sunda Shelf on the east, could experience positive or negative SLAs depending on the wind direction and speed. Strong sea level surges during NE monsoon, if coincide with spring tide, usually lead to coastal floods in the region. To understand the phenomena, we analyzed the wind-driven sea level anomalies focusing on Singapore Strait (SS), laying at the most southwest point of the region. An analysis of Tanjong Pagar tide gauge data in the SS, as well as satellite altimetry and reanalyzed wind in the region, reveals that the wind over central part of SCS is arguably the most important factor determining the observed variability of SLAs at hourly to monthly scales. Climatological SLAs in SS are found to be positive, and of the order of 30 cm during NE monsoon, but negative, and of the order of 20 cm during SW monsoon. The largest anomalies are associated with intensified winds during NE monsoon, with historical highs exceeding 50 cm. At the hourly and daily timescales, SLA magnitude is correlated with the NE wind speed over central part of SCS with an average time lag of 36-42 h. An exact solution is derived by approximating the elongated SCS shape with one-dimensional two-step channel. The solution is utilized to derive simple model connecting SLAs in SS with the wind speeds over central part of SCS. Due to delay of P. Tkalich (&)

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Assessment of Storm Surge Disaster Potential for the Andaman Islands

Cited by 29 publications

References 14 publications

Sediment distribution on the inner continental shelf off Khao Lak (Thailand) after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

Sediment distribution on the inner continental shelf off Khao Lak (Thailand) after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

Sedimentary deposits left by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami on the inner continental shelf offshore of Khao Lak, Andaman Sea (Thailand)

Storm surges in the Singapore Strait due to winds in the South China Sea

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