Assessment of some physical, chemical and biological parameters of Lake Dangana, Nigeria

Abstract

In maintaining health aquatic ecosystem, there is the need to have a balance biotic and abiotic factors thus this study was conducted to assess some physical, chemical and biological parameter of Lake Dangana in Lapai, Niger State for period of eight (8) month (January-August, 2020) in identified sample stations using standard protocols and procedures. The result revealed mean Temperature (23.5-26.5ºC), Dissolved oxygen concentration (3.96-4.13mg/l), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (3.00-3.12mg/l), pH value (6.88-7.11), conductivity (86.43-94.80µS/cm), nitrate (0.67-0.76mg/l) and phosphate (0.85-1.04mg/l). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the monitored Water temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical oxygen Demand and pH between sampling station. However, electrical conductivity, nitrate and phosphate differs significantly (p<0.05) among sampling stations. Similarly, significant difference (p<0.05) was noticed among sampling months in all the physicochemical parameters measured. A total of 318 individuals from 13 species and 10 families of macroinvertebrates were encountered during the study period. Percentage occurrence revealed; Hemiptera (35.52%), Coleopterans (34.59%), Odonata (22.95%), dipterans (5.03%) and Oligochaetes (1.87%). The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) ordination plot showed a good relationship between measured physicochemical parameters and macroinvertebrates distribution and composition. Six (6) species of bacteria were isolated, four Gram positive bacteria and two (2) Gram negative bacteria. The Gram-positive bacteria were Bacillus sp. Escherichia coli, Micrococcus sp and Staphylococcus aureus. Whilst, the two Gram-negative bacteria were Klebsiella sp and Pseudomonas sp. Five (5) species of fungi were isolated; Aspergillus fumigates, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp and Mucor sp. All the fungi isolates were found in all the sampling stations of the lake. The presence of some of these microorganisms is an indicator of contamination which implies that the water body is contaminated with fecal matter; thus, the pathogenic bacteria and the low water quality constitutes danger to public health.

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