Assessment of sol–gel derived iron oxide substituted 45S5 bioglass-ceramics for biomedical applications

Abstract

Sol–gel (45 − x)SiO224.5CaO24.5Na2O6P2O5xFe2O3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 15 wt%) glass-ceramics for bone regeneration and hyperthermia applications.

Influence of iron oxide substitution on the magnetic interactions in sol–gel‐derived 45S5 bioactive glass–ceramics

“…The along with two magnetic phases, namely, magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) and hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ). 20 Typical X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum (not discussed here) of the powders confirmed the presence of magnetite and additionally showed a feature characteristic of both maghemite and hematite phases of iron oxide. Though the presence of magnetite and hematite has already been confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, 20 presence of small amounts of maghemite cannot be ruled out as none of the characterization techniques used yielded conclusive results.…”

“…20 Typical X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum (not discussed here) of the powders confirmed the presence of magnetite and additionally showed a feature characteristic of both maghemite and hematite phases of iron oxide. Though the presence of magnetite and hematite has already been confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, 20 presence of small amounts of maghemite cannot be ruled out as none of the characterization techniques used yielded conclusive results. An estimate of relative phase percentages of the three nanocrystalline phases in the MGC was made from XRD patterns of the MGC (not shown here).…”

“…Further details of structural and magnetic phase analyses of these MGC can be found elsewhere. 20 Room temperature EPR spectra due to Fe ions in (45 − x) SiO 2 ⋅24.5CaO⋅24.5Na 2 O⋅6P 2 O 5 ⋅xFe 2 O 3 (2 ≤ x ≤ 15 wt.%) MGC are shown in Figure 2. The relative intensity (J) and linewidth (ΔH) of the resonance absorption lines in the spectra show a strong dependence on iron oxide concentration.…”

“…Structural, magnetic, in vitro bioactivity, and induction heating properties of these MGC developed for bone regeneration and hyperthermia applications are reported elsewhere. 20 Since an understanding of the magnetic interaction in these MGC as a function of iron oxide in the presence of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ ions are important to effectively deploy these MGC as thermos-seeds in hyperthermia treatment of cancer, this paper explores the same with a combination of EPR, magnetic susceptibility, and thermomagnetic measurements. O, from Sigma-Aldrich) were added to the sol and stirred for 24 h. The resulting clear and homogenous sol formed was left for aging.…”

Enhancement in the induction heating efficacy of sol–gel derived SiO2–CaO–Na2O–P2O5 bioglass-ceramics by incorporating magnetite nanoparticles

“…1,2 These bioceramics possess unique properties, displaying inherent osteoconductive and osteoprotective capabilities, which promote new bone growth and protect existing bone. 3 These advances are based on the path breaking invention of the quaternary glass 45S5 Bioglass® (a.k.a. Hench's 45S5 bioglass), with composition 45SiO 2 –24.5CaO–24.5Na 2 O–6P 2 O 5 (wt%), by Dr Larry Hench in the 1970s.…”