Assessment of Small Ruminant Haemonchosis and Its Associated Risk Factors in and Around Finoteselam, Ethiopia

Mengist, Zelalem; Abebe, Nigus; Gugsa, Getachew; Kumar, Niraj

doi:10.9790/2380-071223641

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, in another study in a different part of Ethiopia, a higher Haemonchus spp. infection in goats (71.3%) than sheep (67.57%) was reported [ 29 ]. Studies in neighbouring Uganda have reported the prevalence of goats shedding nematode eggs at 53.7% [ 10 ] which is lower than that reported in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Haemonchus contortus Infections in Sheep and Goats in Nyagatare District, Rwanda

Mushonga

Habumugisha

Kandiwa

et al. 2018

Journal of Veterinary Medicine

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This study investigated the overall prevalence of Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep and goats from five purposively selected subdivisions (sectors) of Nyagatare district from January to December 2014, after a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and generalized poor productivity was reported in small ruminants in some districts of Rwanda. Faecal egg counts (FEC) were performed using the Modified Wisconsin Sugar Floatation method and the Fluorescent-labeled peanut-lectin agglutination test while enumerations, as log (FEC), were done using the modified McMaster method. The overall prevalence of H. contortus infection in sheep and goats was 75.7% (n=949). The overall prevalence of H. contortus infection in sheep (83.4%, n=314) was higher than in goats (71.8%, n=635) (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.98, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.40-2.79, and p≤0.001). The prevalence of H. contortus infection in female goats (74.2%) was higher than in male goats (64.3%) (OR 1.60, 95% CI: 1.09-2.36, and p=0.01). The prevalence of H. contortus infection in goats from Nyagatare was higher than in goats from Matimba (OR 3.25, 95% CI: 1.76-5.99, and p≤0.001) and from Katabagemu (OR 3.67, 95% CI: 2.04-6.59, and p≤0.001). The prevalence of H. contortus infection in goats from Karangazi was higher than in goats from Matimba (OR 4.72, 95% CI: 2.40-9.28, and p≤0.001). The overall mean monthly log (FEC) for H. contortus in sheep and goats were highest in April (18.9±0.2 and 14.05±0.1, respectively) and October (19.25± 0.2 and 13.75±0.1, respectively). Though, overall, sheep in Nyagatare district were at greater risk of H. contortus infection and goats from Nyagatare and Karangazi sectors were paradoxically at greater risk of H. contortus infection. It was also apparent that young female goats were at greater risk of H. contortus infection than young male goats. H. contortus infection is endemic in small ruminants in Nyagatare district and possibly other districts in Rwanda. Targeted selective treatment (TST) using FAMACHA with emphasis on low-lying swampy pastures and appropriate anthelmintic drugs may be the most economically viable solution in the short term. In the long term breeding of H. contortus resistant small ruminants and strategic grazing using the concept of refugia may bring about considerable relief from H. contortus infection in Nyagatare district, in particular, and Rwanda at large.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Haemonchus contortus Infections in Sheep and Goats in Nyagatare District, Rwanda

Mushonga

Habumugisha

Kandiwa

et al. 2018

Journal of Veterinary Medicine

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“…Tannins in a number of plant species help control internal parasites in animals, for example, Trichostrongylus colubriformis (Mengist et al 2014). Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare structural changes induced in the adult Haemonchus contortus by contact with different concentrations of bamboo leaf extract in vitro.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ultrastructure changes of Haemonchus contortus exposed to bamboo leaves (Gigantochloa apus) aqueous extract under in vitro condition

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Widiarso, Nurcahyo W, Kurniasih, Prastowo J. 2021. The ultrastructure changes of Haemonchus contortus exposed to bamboo leaves (Gigantochloa apus) aqueous extract under in vitro condition. Biodiversitas 22: 1-5. The ultrastructural changes induced in adult Haemonchus contortus in vitro using the aqueous extract of bamboo leaves were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The H. contortus adult females were obtained from three groups and treatment was repeated thrice. The first group (T0) was not treated with bamboo leaves; 100% of the worms lived. The second group (T1), treated with 0.1% bamboo leaf-extract, had 50% mortality 4 h after examination. The third group (T2), treated with 1% bamboo leaf-extract, had 100% mortality 4 h after examination. Five worms used per treatment were submerged in ethanol and incubated for 24 hours. The ultrastructural changes observed by SEM revealed structural alteration of the worm surface after in vitro contact with the bamboo leaf aqueous extract and compared to the control worms. The main changes concerned the anterior end or cephalic region, cuticle surface, and vulva flap area. The structural modification of the external part of the female reproductive system was found only in vitro. The structural changes found in the worms exposed to the bamboo leaves might affect their motility and nutrition with possible consequences on their reproduction. Transmission electron microscopy may help to understand the external changes observed in H. contortus.

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“…H. contortus is large and most pathogenic worms are found in the abomasums of goats and sheeps [ 1 ]. Economic losses due to haemonchosis in subtropic and tropic areas are usually caused by mortality, loss of production, retarded growth, and poor weight gain [ 2 , 3 ]. The previous studies from two provinces in Indonesia show that the prevalence of haemonchosis in goat is at 89.4% and an estimation of annual loss is around 1 million US dollar [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro potential anthelmintic activity of Biophytum petersianum on Haemonchus contortus

Sambodo¹,

Prastowo²,

Kurniasih³

et al. 2018

Vet World

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Aim:Haemonchus contortus is a major problem in small ruminants in Indonesia. The frequent use of the anthelmintic drugs has given rise to drug-resistant populations which increase the need for new anthelminthic compounds, particularly from endemic plants. This study evaluated the in vitro effects of Biophytum petersianum crude aqueous extract (BAE) as an anthelmintic compound against H. contortus adult worm isolated from goats.Materials and Methods:Adult worm collected from naturally infected abomasums were obtained from slaughtered goats on the day of slaughter. BAE was prepared in six different concentrations (10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/ml) which were tested for their efficacies on ten actively moving worms. Ivermectin (1 mg/ml) was included as a reference drug, while saline water was included as a control. The dead worms from anthelmintic test then went through sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results:Highest mean mortality in treatments group both at 2 h and 4 h observations was BAE 10%. The SDS-PAGE analysis revealed the presence of five protein bands with molecular weights 9.3, 17.1, 50.0, 63.2, and 72.7 kDa based on BAE 10%. The SEM changes observed in the in vitro trials revealed the occurrence of interactions between the BAE and the cuticle.Conclusion:The SEM and SDS-PAGE analysis revealed ultrastructural structural changes and the decrease numbers of polypeptides on treated worms when compared to the control worms. It can thus be concluded that the BAE exhibits good anthelmintic activity against H. contortus adult worm.

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Assessment of Small Ruminant Haemonchosis and Its Associated Risk Factors in and Around Finoteselam, Ethiopia

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Prevalence of Haemonchus contortus Infections in Sheep and Goats in Nyagatare District, Rwanda

Prevalence of Haemonchus contortus Infections in Sheep and Goats in Nyagatare District, Rwanda

The ultrastructure changes of Haemonchus contortus exposed to bamboo leaves (Gigantochloa apus) aqueous extract under in vitro condition

In vitro potential anthelmintic activity of Biophytum petersianum on Haemonchus contortus

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