Assessment of Sleep Quality in Healthcare Workers as Part of the COVID-19 Outbreak

Abstract

Objective:We aimed to evaluate the sleep quality and affceting factors of the healthcare professionals working in our hospital during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty-two healthcare professionals, 95 females and 57 males working during the COVID-19 pandemic, were included in our study. In the study, the factors affecting sleep quality were statistically evaluated by using the patients' demographic features, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Fatigue Severity Scale, and Beck Anxiety and Beck Depression Scale. Results: According to the PSQI results, the participants of our study were divided into two groups as PSQI ≥5 (n=109, 71.7%) and PSQI <5 (n=43, 28.1%). In the group with poor sleep quality (PSQI ≥5), there were more females (p=0.003), the average age was younger (p=0.013), and the rate of anxiety and depression was higher (p<0.001 and p<0.001). Conclusion:According to the results of our study, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the quality of sleep of the healthcare staff was significantly impaired. The health of health professionals is also important in this long process. Practices for improving the quality of sleep of healthcare staff will contribute to the long-term struggle by strengthening the immune system in the fight of health workers against the virus.

Subjective sleep alterations in healthy subjects worldwide during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression

“…Regarding the administered sleep measures, 103 studies reported PSQI scores. Specifically, 100 reported PSQI global scores [ [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , 42 , 43 , 45 ], [ 46 , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] ], [ [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] ], [ [70] , [71] , [72] , [73] , 75 , [77] , [78] , [79] , [80] , [81] , [82] , [83] , [84] , 86 , 87 ], [ [91] , [92] , [93] , [94] , [96] , [97] , [98] , 102 , 103 , [106] , [107] , [108] , [109] , [110] ], [ [113] , [114] , [115] , [116] , 119 , 120 , [122] , [123] , [124] , [...…”

“… Author Country Sample (n) Female Age Type of pop. Measure NOS Abbas et al, 2021 [ 37 ] Kuwait 217 0.44 x̄ = 35.8y health w. PSQI gen-sub 5 Abid et al, 2021 (a) [ 38 ] Tunisia 48 1 x̄ = 8.66y children PSQI gen 5 Abid et al, 2021 (b) [ 38 ] Tunisia 52 0 x̄ = 8.66y children PSQI gen 5 Akıncı and Başar, 2021 [ 39 ] Turkey 152 0.63 x̄ = 35.8y health w. PSQI gen-sub 5 Akkuş et al, 2021 [ 40 ] Turkey 595 0.66 x̄ = 27.9y general PSQI gen 6 Al Maqbali, 2021 [ 41 ] Oman 987 0.91 >18y health w. PSQI sub 5 Al-Musharaf et al, 2021 [ 42 ] Saudi Arabia 297 1 x̄ = 20.7y general PSQI gen 5 Alfonsi et al, 2021 (a) [ 43 ] Italy 72 1 x̄ = 35.68y general PSQI gen-sub 6 Alfonsi et al, 2021 (b) [ 43 ] Italy <...…”

“…The total scores ranged from 3 to 6. Most of the studies (114) [ [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] ], [ [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] ], [ [63] , [64] , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] ], [ [70] , [71] , [72] , [73] , [75] , [76] , [77] ], [ [79] , [80] , [81] , [82] , [83] , [84] , [85] , [86] , [87] , [88] , [89] , 91 , [93] , [94] , [95] , [96] , [97] , [98] , [99] ], [ [101] , [102] , [103] , [104] , [105] , [106] , [107] , [108] , [109] , [110] , [113] , …”

Examination of Fatigue Situations of Nurses in the Prolonged COVID-19 Infection

“…Factors such as fear of contagion, fear of pandemic, and loneliness put healthcare workers' physical and psychological health at risk. 8 This psychological burden causes fatigue symptoms to aggravate various psychological problems among nurses. It has been reported that a decrease in nurses' resistance to physical, mental, and emotional stress will result in anxiety, depression, and fatigue.…”

Depression as a predictor of sleep quality in health workers who faced the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico

“…8 The effects of COVID-19 on health workers not only include consequences such as depression but also sleep problems during the pandemic since workers had to adapt to new work protocols characterized by a higher-than-usual work intensity. 9 Although poor sleep quality can be the consequence of various sleep disorders, such as insomnia, apnea, etc., it can also be related to symptoms of depression and anxiety. 10 In addition, since sleep is necessary for the homeostasis of the immune system, the decrease in sleep quality of health personnel can negatively alter their emotional and physiological state, allowing in turn the activation of inflammatory processes, the release of cytokines and increased susceptibility to depressive disorders.…”