“…Though analytical derivative couplings between ground and excited states [18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25] and later also between excited states [26,27,28,29] have been published for TD-DFT, no such derivation exists for TD-DFTB. (For attempts to approximate TD-DFTB couplings see [30]). This does not impede SH simulations, as most implementations require only scalar time-derivative couplings σ(t) = Ψ I |∂/∂t|Ψ J = d IJ • ξ, which can be computed by numerical differentiation without explicit recourse to d IJ .…”