Assessment of shipping emissions on four ports of Portugal

Nunes, Rafael A. O.; Alvim-Ferraz, M.C.M.; Martins, F.G.; Sousa, Sofia

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.112

Cited by 70 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…According to the study conducted by [12], the amount of ship-related emissions in Ambarlı Port of Istanbul is 82,344 tons. [13] calculated the total ship-related emissions in the Gibraltar Strait for the year 2007 and the amount is 1,447,171.77 t. [14] have studied on four Portuguese ports and found that ship-related emissions increased by an average of 20% between 1990 and 2014. [15] have studied on four different ports in different regions of the world and they have found that the total greenhouse gas (GHG) production is 582,000 t as CO2 equivalent.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Social Cost and Environmental Life Cycle Analysis of Passenger Ships in Istanbul

Bilgili¹

2019

J ETA Maritime Sci

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Calculating the inventory of shipping emissions is crucial in order to guide the authorities to prepare regulations on emission reduction. On the other hand, the effectiveness of the measurement techniques can only be accurately observed by the calculation of social costs. In this study, firstly, the emission inventory and social cost of passenger ships operating in Bosphorus are calculated. Then, these calculations were repeated in case of declaration of the Marmara Sea as Emission Control Area (ECA). The total amount of emissions in current situation decreases by 7.75 % in case of ECA declaration. The total cost of fuel switching increases approximately 39.52 %; however the total social cost decreases by 50.56 %. The total economic benefit is calculated as $ 117,739,686.97. According to the LCA results, fuel switching increases the deleterious impacts on human health, ecosystem quality and climate change, while the impacts on raw resources decreased.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Social Cost and Environmental Life Cycle Analysis of Passenger Ships in Istanbul

Bilgili¹

2019

J ETA Maritime Sci

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“…Estudios recientes muestran que al menos el 70% de las emisiones de los buques en rutas internacionales se producen dentro de los 400 km de la costa, en donde se ha concluido que barcos en los puertos pueden llegar a contribuir alrededor del 55 al 77% de las emisiones totales en las áreas próximas al puerto (Alver et al, 2018;Moreno-gutiérrez et al, 2019;Nunes, Martins, & Sousa, 2017a;Nunes et al, 2017b;Steffens et al, 2017). Sin embargo, estos valores dependen de la ciudad de estudio, ya que si bien su efecto es significativo se tiene evidencia que el impacto de la industria terrestre es mucho mayor en ciudades con un alto desarrollo en la mencionada actividad (Chatzinikolaou et al, 2015).…”

Section: Estado Del Arteunclassified

“… "Cruising" o navegación a toda marcha, cuya velocidad corresponde a la velocidad media obtenida de AIS. El área de estudio para el cálculo de emisiones corresponde al rango de entre 20 a 420km con respecto al TMFB (figura 5) (Fan et al, 2016;Goldsworthy & Goldsworthy, 2015;Nunes et al, 2017a). Los equipos que se contemplan para esta actividad son el motor principal (ME, por sus siglas en inglés:…”

Section: 2actividades Y Alcance Del Estudiounclassified

Estimación De Las Emisiones Atmosfericas De Buques En El Puerto De Barranquilla [Not available in English]

Agudelo-Castañeda

Prieto

2019

2019 Congreso Colombiano Y Conferencia Internacional De Calidad De Aire Y Salud Pública (CASP)

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“…On a global scale approximately 2.2 % of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, 15 % of anthropogenic NOx emissions and 5 to 8 % of anthropogenic SOx emissions are related to ocean-going vessels (Corbett et al, 2007;Nunes et al, 2017;Metz et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of vessel characteristics and atmospheric processes on the gas and particle phase of ship emission plumes: In-situ measurements in the Mediterranean Sea and around the Arabian Peninsula

Celik¹,

Drewnick²,

Fachinger³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. 252 emission plumes of ships operating in the Mediterranean Sea and around the Arabian Peninsula were investigated using a comprehensive dataset of gas and submicron particle phase properties measured during the two-month shipborne AQABA field campaign in summer 2017. The post-measurement identification of the corresponding ship emission events in the measured data included the determination of the plume sources (up to 38&#8201;km away) as well as of the plume ages (up to 115&#8201;min) and was based on commercially available historical records of the Automatic Identification System. The dispersion lifetime of chemically inert CO2 in the ship emission plumes was determined as (70&#8201;&#177;&#8201;15)&#8201;min, resulting in levels indistinguishable from the marine background after (260&#8201;&#177;&#8201;60)&#8201;min. Emission factors (EFs) as quantities that are independent of plume dilution were calculated and used for the investigation of influences on ship emission plumes caused by ship characteristics and the combustion process as well as by atmospheric processes during the early stage of exhaust release and during plume aging. Combustion efficiency and therefore emission factors of black carbon and NOx were identified to depend mostly on the vessel speed and gross tonnage. Moreover, larger ships, associated with higher engine power were found to use fuel with higher sulfur content and have higher gas phase SO2, particulate sulfate, particulate organics and particulate matter EFs. Despite the independence of EFs on dilution, significant influence of the ambient wind speed on the particle number and mass EFs was observed that can be traced back to enhanced particle coagulation in case of slower dilution and suppressed vapor condensation on particles in case of faster dilution of the emission plume. Atmospheric reactions and processes in ship emission plumes were investigated that include NOx and O3 chemistry, gas-to-particle conversion of NOx and SO2 and the neutralization of acids in the particle phase through the uptake of ambient gas phase ammonia, the latter two of which cause the inorganic particulate content to increase and the organic fraction to decrease with increasing plume age. The results enable identification of the most important influences on (or processes in) ship emission plumes and to describe those quantitatively by parameterizations, which could be used for further refinement of atmospheric models.

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Assessment of shipping emissions on four ports of Portugal

Cited by 70 publications

References 23 publications

The Social Cost and Environmental Life Cycle Analysis of Passenger Ships in Istanbul

The Social Cost and Environmental Life Cycle Analysis of Passenger Ships in Istanbul

Estimación De Las Emisiones Atmosfericas De Buques En El Puerto De Barranquilla [Not available in English]

Influence of vessel characteristics and atmospheric processes on the gas and particle phase of ship emission plumes: In-situ measurements in the Mediterranean Sea and around the Arabian Peninsula

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