Assessment of several flood estimation methodologies in Makkah metropolitan area, Saudi Arabia

Dawod, Gomaa M.; Mirza, Meraj N.; Al‐Ghamdi, Khalid A.

doi:10.1007/s12517-011-0405-5

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Other approaches [2] ploy less input items, while some national regression models used in Saudi Arabia depend only on the basin area to estimate expected flood. Dawod et al [29] concluded that the CN method is more precise than some other flood estimation methods over Makkah region. Moreover, this paper presents a GIS-based implementation of the CN methodology where computations have been performed in the attribute tables within the GIS environment (using VBA).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS-Based Spatial Mapping of Flash Flood Hazard in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia

Dawod¹,

Mirza²,

Al‐Ghamdi

2011

JGIS

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Flash floods occur periodically in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia, due to several factors including its rugged to-pography and geological structures. Hence, precise assessment of floods becomes a more vital demand in development planning. A GIS-based methodology has been developed for quantifying and spatially mapping the flood characteristics. The core of this new approach is integrating several topographic, metrological, geological, and land use datasets in a GIS environment that utilizes the Curve Number (CN) method of flood modelling for ungauged arid catchments. Additionally, the computations of flood quantities, such as depth and volume of runoff, are performed in the attribute tables of GIS layers, in order to assemble all results in the same environment. The accomplished results show that the runoff depth in Makkah, using a 50-years re-turn period, range from 128.1 mm to 193.9 mm while the peak discharge vary from 1063 m3/s to 4489 m3/s. The total flood volume is expected to reach 172.97 million m3 over Makkah metropolitan area. The advan-tages of the developed methodology include precision, cost-effective, digital outputs, and its ability to be re-run in other conditions

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS-Based Spatial Mapping of Flash Flood Hazard in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia

Dawod¹,

Mirza²,

Al‐Ghamdi

2011

JGIS

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The topography of the Mecca area is made complex by sitting 277 m above sea level with terrain heights ranging between 82 and 982 m above sea level. Interactions between the wind flow and the topography generate abrupt changes in wind speed and direction that can produce extreme wind events (Subyani, 2011;Dawod et al, 2013;Orr et al, 2014). Rees et al (2000) suggested that topography-influenced gravity waves can move over steep mountains, cliffs and outcrops and may result in surface fluctuations of wind, temperature and pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of a severe weather event over Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, using observations and high-resolution modelling

2017

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The dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of a severe weather event that caused heavy wind and rainfall over Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, on 11 September 2015 were investigated using available observations and the Weather Research and Forecasting model configured at 1 km resolution. Analysis of surface, upper air observations and model outputs reveals that the event was initiated by synoptic scale conditions that intensified by interaction with the local topography, triggering strong winds and high convective rainfall. The model predicted the observed characteristics of both rainfall and winds well, accurately predicting the maximum wind speed of 20–25 m s−1 that was sustained for about 2 h. A time series analysis of various atmospheric variables suggests a sudden fall in pressure, temperature and outgoing long wave radiation before the development of the storm, followed by a significant increase in wind speed, latent and moisture fluxes and change in wind direction during the mature stage of the storm. The model outputs suggest that the heavy rainfall was induced by a low‐level moisture supply from the Red Sea combined with orographic lifting. Latent heat release from microphysical processes increased the vertical velocities in the mid‐troposphere, further increasing the low‐level convergence that strengthened the event.

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“…It has been used in many geodetic areas in the recent decades. Notable among them are approximation of the surfaces in engineering structures (Lenda, 2008), finding the relationship between global and Cartesian coordinates (Ziggah, 2012), predictions of local coordinates (Odutola et al, 2013), converting GPS data from global coordinate system to the National coordinate system (Dawod et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%