Assessment of Serum Minerals in Subclinical Hypothyroid and Overt Hypothyroid Patients

Jat, Ram K; Panwar, Anil; Agarwal, Pradeep K.; Sharma, Chandrashekhar; Bansal, Dharam P; Pareek, Arpit; Tyagi, Ambika; Mathur, Monali

doi:10.7759/cureus.16944

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It has been suggested that abnormal levels of vit D in serum may be the cause of dysfunction in the intestinal absorption of Ca in patients with AITD 26 . In agreement with other investigations 27,28 , the current study found that serum Ca and P levels in hyperthyroid patients were increased while in hypothyroid patients they were decreased. In subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, serum Ca and serum P levels are significantly altered.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Vitamin D Status in Sample of Iraqi Women with Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Al-Jorany¹,

Al-Lami²

2023

PJMHS

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The most common cause of acquired thyroid dysfunction is autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), which most commonly manifests as Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) or Graves' disease (GD). The importance of vitamin D (vit D) as an immune modulator has recently been emphasized in several types of disorders. However, its significance in thyroid illnesses is not fully understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate how vitamin D affects the pathophysiology of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in Iraqi women. One hundred Iraqi women with age ranged from 18 to 60 years participate in this research, 50 of them were hypothyroidism patients, 30 were hyperthyroidism patients and the other 20 were euthyroidism served as controls. Blood samples were collected from the studied subjects to determine thyroid profile [free triiodothyronine (FT3), free tetraiodothyronine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)], thyroid antibodies [anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg), and anti-thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (anti-TSHR)], vit D, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) using different analysis techniques. Levels of FT3 and FT4 revealed a significant (P<0.01) increase in hyperthyroidism patients and a significant (P<0.01) decrease in hypothyroidism patients compared with euthyroidism control. While level of TSH was significantly (P<0.01) decreased in hyperthyroidism patients and significantly (P<0.01) increased in hypothyroidism compared with euthyroidism control. When a comparison was made between hyperthyroidism group and hypothyroidism group, the results showed that levels of FT3 and FT4 were significantly (P<0.01) higher in hyerthyroidism than hyporthyroidism while level of TSH was significantly (P<0.01) lower in hyperthyroidism than hyporthyroidism. Levels of anti-TPO and anti-Tg significantly (P<0.01) increased in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism patients compared with euthyroidism individuals, while level of anti-TSHR was significantly (P<0.01) decreased in hyperthyroidism patients and significantly (P<0.01) increased in hypothyroidism patients compared with euthyroidism individuals. On the other hand, the findings revealed that level of anti-TPO was significantly (P<0.01) higher while levels of anti-Tg and anti-TSHR were significantly (P<0.01) higher in hypothyroidism than hyperthyroidism. The results revealed a significant (P<0.01) decrease in level of vit D in hyperthyroidism patients and hypothyroidism patients compared with euthyroidism control, a significant (P<0.01) increase in levels of Ca and P in hyperthyroidism patients compared with euthyroidism control, while non-significant (P>0.01) differences were found between hypothyroidism patients and euthyroidism control. Also, the findings revealed that levels of vit D, Ca, and P were significantly (P<0.01) higher in hyperthyroidism than hypothyroidism. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Vit D deficiency may be act as a factor in both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, and the status of vit D impact on autoimmune thyroiditis. Keyword: Autoimmune thyroiditis, Vitamin D, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, Euthyroidism

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Vitamin D Status in Sample of Iraqi Women with Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Al-Jorany¹,

Al-Lami²

2023

PJMHS

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“…A study reported that levels of TSH and serum P were signi cantly elevated in cases compared to controls [31,32]. Similarly, serum P was found signi cantly high in patients with hypothyroidism compared to controls [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Determination of Serum Zinc and Phosphorus Levels in Patients with Hypothyroidism

Patel,

Khan,

Inam

et al. 2023

Biol Trace Elem Res

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BackgroundVarious studies reported that serum zinc (Zn) and phosphorus (P) levels altered in patients with hypothyroidism and vice versa, but results were found inconsistent. AimIt was aimed to nd the association between serum Zn and P in patients with hypothyroidism. Material and MethodIn this case-control study, a total of 100 subjects (50 newly diagnosed patients of hypothyroidism and 50 controls) were enrolled aged between 25 and 60 years. Biochemical parameters such as thyroid pro le, serum Zn, and P were estimated in each subject. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically signi cant. ResultThe mean level of body mass index (BMI), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and serum P was found signi cantly elevated in cases compared to controls (p < 0.001). However, the mean level of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and serum Zn was found signi cantly reduced in cases compared to controls (p < 0.001). The serum Zn has shown a signi cant negative correlation with T3 and BMI among cases (r= -0.313 p < 0.05, r= -0.338 p < 0.05, respectively). However, Serum P has shown a signi cant positive correlation with TSH and BMI among cases (r = 0.310 p < 0.05, r = 0.449 p < 0.01, respectively).Regression analysis indicated that serum Zn signi cantly predicted hypothyroidism (p < 0.00). Similarly, Serum P signi cantly predicted hypothyroidism (p < 0.007). ConclusionResults showed that serum Zn levels were signi cantly reduced and serum P levels were signi cantly elevated in cases compared to controls. The serum Zn and serum P both may act as predictors for hypothyroidism and its complications.

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“…The concentration of S100A7 after PTU administration was not significantly different but substantially lower compared with before administration. It was reported that patients with hypothyroidism show a significantly lower concentration of calcium in serum (Jat et al, 2021). In addition, calcium can upregulate the production of S100A7 in human keratinocytes (Hoffmann et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 6‐n‐propyl‐2‐thiouracil or dexamethasone administration on the responses of antimicrobial components in goat milk to intramammary lipopolysaccharide infusion

Suzuki

Purba

Nii

et al. 2022

Animal Science Journal

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Heat stress impacts the immune system of dairy animals by altering the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and thyroid function, leading to conditions such as hypothyroidism and hypercortisolism. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of hypothyroidism and hypercortisolism on the response of mammary innate immune function to inflammation caused by Escherichia coli in dairy goats. To induce hypothyroidism and hypercortisolism, we administered 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU; for 21 days) and dexamethasone (DEX; for 5 days), respectively, to six goats each; six goats without treatment were used as the control group. After treatment, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli O111 was infused into the mammary gland. Somatic cell counts (SCC) and levels of lactoferrin (LF), S100A7, immunoglobulin A (IgA), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in milk until 7 days after LPS infusion were measured. An increase in SCC after LPS infusion was inhibited in both PTU and DEX groups, and an increase in LF after LPS infusion was inhibited in PTU group, compared with that in the control group. The results of the present study suggest that the recruitment of neutrophils and LF production decreased under hypothyroidism or hypercortisolism, which may be one of the causes underlying increased incidence of mastitis in dairy animals under heat stress conditions.

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Assessment of Serum Minerals in Subclinical Hypothyroid and Overt Hypothyroid Patients

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Vitamin D Status in Sample of Iraqi Women with Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Vitamin D Status in Sample of Iraqi Women with Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Determination of Serum Zinc and Phosphorus Levels in Patients with Hypothyroidism

Effect of 6‐n‐propyl‐2‐thiouracil or dexamethasone administration on the responses of antimicrobial components in goat milk to intramammary lipopolysaccharide infusion

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