Assessment of serum aflatoxin B1 levels in neonatal jaundice with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a preliminary study

Raafat, Nermin; Emam, Wafaa; Gharib, Amal F.; Nafea, Ola Elsayed; Zakaria, Marwa

doi:10.1007/s12550-020-00421-9

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Exposure to aflatoxins during pregnancy poses a threat to the health of the fetus, which can be passed from mother to fetus through umbilical cord blood and breast milk ( Denning et al, 1990 ). It has been reported that AFB1 level in serum of jaundice with 6-phosphoglucose dehydrogenase deficiency in newborns, and found that 58% of newborns and 75% of mothers tested positive ( Raafat et al, 2021 ). As the most important hepatocellular carcinogen, AFB1 is the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) in the world and studies have found that AFB1 and hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) work in conjunction to further enhance the incidence of HCC ( Rushing and Selim, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morin alleviates aflatoxin B1-induced liver and kidney injury by inhibiting heterophil extracellular traps release, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in chicks

Gao

Jiang

et al. 2021

Poultry Science

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Aflatoxin B1 ( AFB1 ) is a secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus flavus and parasitic aspergillus , mainly existing in cereals, peanuts, corn, and other crops, which seriously endanger poultry, human health, and environment. Morin, a flavonoid compound extracted from moraceae plants, possess antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether morin has a protective effect on AFB1-induced liver and kidney damage in chicks has not been specifically reported. In this study, we mainly confirmed the protective effect of morin on AFB1-induced liver and kidney damage in chicks and clarified its mechanism. It was found that morin can significantly reduce the liver biochemical indicators of alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ), aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ), and kidney indicators of creatinine ( CRE ) and urea nitrogen ( BUN ) levels. Meanwhile, histopathological examination showed that morin effectively relieved AFB1-caused liver damage, including hepatocyte disruption, swelling, and inflammatory cell infiltration, and effectively relieved kidney damage, including renal cell necrosis, exfoliation, and vacuolization. Further investigation of its mechanism demonstrated that morin significantly inhibited AFB1-induced heterophil extracellular traps ( HETs ) release, and decreased the level of malondialdehyde ( MDA ) but increased the levels of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ), glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px ), and catalase ( CAT ) in vivo. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR ( qRT-PCR ) analysis showed that morin also significantly decreased AFB1-induced mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α ), interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) and interleukin-1β ( IL-1β ), inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ), cyclooxygenase-2 ( COX-2 ), caspase-1, caspase-3, and caspase-11. In conclusion, all results confirmed that morin could protect AFB1-caused liver and kidney damage by inhibiting HETs release, regulating oxidative stress, and inhibiting inflammatory response, suggesting that morin can be utilized as a potential drug for prevention and treatment of aflatoxicosis in poultry breeding industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morin alleviates aflatoxin B1-induced liver and kidney injury by inhibiting heterophil extracellular traps release, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in chicks

Gao

Jiang

et al. 2021

Poultry Science

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“…It is hypothesized that AFB1 may reduce the G6PD activity to inhibit glycolysis to produce ATP, which leads to this shift of ATP in HepG2 cells. Raafat et al have reported that AFB1 exposure is associated with the evident decline in the activity of G6PD enzyme (Raafat et al 2021). In addition, Liu et al also mentioned that there may be a novel association of G6PD activity with AFB1-related xenobiotic metabolism (Lin et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the combined toxicity of aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 on HepG2 cells based on respirometry and transcriptome analyses

Chen

Abdallah

Grootaert

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) are two toxic mycotoxins widely found in food contaminants, and known for their hepatotoxicity in human. However, their combined toxicity still needs to be deeply investigated especially for their harmful effect. Therefore, the current work aimed at investigating the (combined) effect of AFB1 and FB1 on mitochondrial and glycolytic activity of HepG2 cell line, a well-recognized in vitro model system to study liver cell function. In our previous work, we studied the impact of a short term exposure to different doses of AFB1, FB1, and their binary mixture (MIX) on the bioenergetic status of HepG2 cells. Seahorse respirometry analysis revealed that the co-exposure, especially at high doses (8 μg/mL for AFB1 and 160 μg/mL for FB1), is more toxic as a result of more inhibition of all parameters of mitochondrial respiration. RNA transcriptome sequencing showed that the p53 signaling pathway, which is a major orchestrator of mitochondrial apoptosis, was differentially expressed. Moreover, the co-exposure has significantly downregulated Cx I, Cx II, Cx III, and Cx IV genes, which represent the onset of the suppressed mitochondrial respiration in HepG2 cells. It was found that FB1 is contributed more to the MIX effects than AFB1.

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“…In human biofluids, over the last 20 year, researchers detected AFM1 (or AFB1) in serum (Mokhles et al 2007;Raafat et al 2021), urine (Polychronaki et al 2008;Piekkola et al 2012;Saad-Hussein et al 2013) and breast milk (El-Sayed et al 2000, 2002Hassan et al 2006a;Polychronaki et al 2006) to unravel the situation of this toxins in Egypt using HPLC-FLD. Other studies from other countries also used HPLC-FLD to quantify AFM1 in human serum samples collected from Iraq (Suhail et al 2020) and Saudi Arabia (Farag et al 2018), breast milk from Sudan (Elzupir et al 2012), and umbilical cord blood samples from United Arab Emirates (Abdulrazzaq et al 2002).…”

Section: Detection and Quantification Of Mycotoxins In Different Food...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxin contamination in the Arab World: highlighting the main knowledge gaps and the current legislations.

Abdallah,

Gado,

Abdelsadek

et al. 2023

agriRxiv

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Mycotoxins are among the most alarming food and feed contaminants threatening human and animal health. Since the discovery of aflatoxins in the 1960s, the body of knowledge in the field of mycotoxins increased dramatically: biological syntheses have been unraveled; myriad analytical detection methods were developed; surveys in different matrices were conducted; investigations into toxicities took place; several methods for control have been tested; and legislative debates to protect the public from their toxic effects continue. Based on that, hundreds of review articles were published to summarize different areas in the mycotoxin field, including their contamination per country or per region. However, mycotoxin contamination in the Arab world, which includes 22 countries in Africa and Asia, have not been specifically reviewed. To this end, this work has been conducted to review the contamination of mycotoxins in the Arab world to identify the main knowledge gaps needed to enhance the safety of food and feed. Our search, using several keywords, covered all the (non-)indexed publications written in English or Arabic or French. To the best of our knowledge, a total number of 306 papers were published between 1977 and 2021, focusing on the natural occurrence of mycotoxins in different matrices, which fall under one of 14 different categories (animal feed; animal products; baby food; cereals; cereal by-products; dairy products; legumes and pulses; nuts; spices; fruits and vegetables; juices and drinks; biomarkers; oils; and others). The relevant information (e.g., detected mycotoxins; number of samples; concentrations; method of detection) were extracted, processed and visualized using Microsoft Excel, R, GraphPad Prism, and RAWGraphs. The main results are summarized as follows: (i) research on mycotoxins has increased over the years, however the accumulated data on their occurrences are scarce to non-existent in some countries and regions; (ii) state-of-the-art technologies on mycotoxin detection are not well implemented; neither are contemporary multi-mycotoxin detection strategies in the Arab world, showing the need for capacity-building initiatives; (iii) mycotoxin profiles differ among food and feed categories, as well as between human biofluids. Furthermore, the present work highlights the current legislations in the Arab countries and provides future perspectives in order to mitigate mycotoxins, enhance the safety of food and feed and protect the consumers. Among these perspectives, we suggest some research initiatives to boost mycotoxin research among the Arab countries.

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Assessment of serum aflatoxin B1 levels in neonatal jaundice with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a preliminary study

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Morin alleviates aflatoxin B1-induced liver and kidney injury by inhibiting heterophil extracellular traps release, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in chicks

Morin alleviates aflatoxin B1-induced liver and kidney injury by inhibiting heterophil extracellular traps release, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in chicks

Elucidating the combined toxicity of aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 on HepG2 cells based on respirometry and transcriptome analyses

Mycotoxin contamination in the Arab World: highlighting the main knowledge gaps and the current legislations.

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