Assessment of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of beef cows and calves across seasons and geographical locations1

Nelson, Corwin D.; Powell, J. L.; Price, Deborah; Hersom, Matt; Yelich, Joel; Drewnoski, Mary E.; Bird, Scott; Bridges, G.A.

doi:10.2527/jas.2016-0611

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Peripheral blood was sampled by puncture of the coccygeal vessels into evacuated 10-mL serum separator tubes (Vacutainer, Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) (Nelson et al, 2016a), ranging from 5 to 205 ng/mL. Experimental samples were diluted 50% in the sample buffer provided with the kit so they would all be within the range of the standard curve.…”

Section: Serum Minerals and Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding supplemental 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 increases serum mineral concentrations and alters mammary immunity of lactating dairy cows

Poindexter

Kweh

Zimpel

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives were to determine the effects of feeding supplemental 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 [25(OH)D 3 ] on concentrations of vitamin D metabolites and minerals in serum, mammary immune status, and responses to intramammary bacterial infection in dairy cows. Sixty multiparous, pregnant lactating Holstein cows with somatic cell count <200,000/mL were blocked by days in milk and milk yield and randomly assigned to receive a daily top-dressed dietary supplement containing 1 or 3 mg of vitamin D 3 (1mgD or 3mgD), or 1 or 3 mg 25(OH) D 3 (1mg25D or 3mg25D) for 28 d (n = 15/treatment). Cows were kept in a freestall barn and fed a total mixed ration in individual feeding gates. Individual dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield were recorded daily, and milk and blood samples were collected at 0, 7, 14, and 21 d relative to the start of treatment. At 21 d, cows fed 1mgD and 3mg25D received an intramammary challenge with Streptococcus uberis. Cows were observed for severity of mastitis, and blood and milk samples were collected every 12 h to measure inflammation. The 1mg25D and 3mg25D cows had greater serum 25(OH)D 3 concentrations at 21 d compared with 1mgD and 3mgD cows (62 ± 7, 66 ± 8, 135 ± 15, and 232 ± 26 ng/mL for 1mgD, 3mgD, 1mg25D, and 3mg25D, respectively). The 3mg25D cows had greater concentrations of Ca and P in serum at 21 d compared with other treatments (Ca = 2.38, 2.4, 2.37, and 2.48 ± 0.02 mM, 1.87, 1.88, and 2.10 ± 0.08 mM for 1mgD, 3mgD, 1mg25D, and 3mg25D, respectively). Yields of milk and milk components, DMI, body weight, and concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and Mg in serum did not differ among treatments. Abundance of mRNA transcripts for interleukin-1β (IL1B) and inducible ni-tric oxide synthase (iNOS) in milk somatic cells before S. uberis challenge were increased in cows fed 25(OH) D 3 compared with cows fed vitamin D 3. Furthermore, IL1B, iNOS, β-defensin 7, and β-defensin 10 in milk somatic cells increased as concentrations of 25(OH)D 3 increased in serum. Cows fed 3mg25D had less severe mastitis at 60 and 72 h after challenge with S. uberis compared with cows fed 1mgD. Concentrations of bacteria, somatic cells, and serum albumin in milk after challenge did not differ between treatments; however, an interaction between treatment and day was detected for lactate dehydrogenase in milk. Expression of adhesion protein CD11b on milk neutrophils after the S. uberis challenge was greater among 3mg25D cows compared with 1mgD cows. Transcripts of CYP24A1 and iNOS in milk somatic cells during mastitis also were greater in 3mg25D cows compared with 1mgD cows. Feeding 25(OH)D 3 increased serum 25(OH)D 3 more effectively than supplemental vitamin D 3 , resulting in increased serum mineral concentrations, increased expression of vitamin D-responsive genes, and altered immune responses to intramammary bacterial challenge.

show abstract

Section: Serum Minerals and Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding supplemental 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 increases serum mineral concentrations and alters mammary immunity of lactating dairy cows

Poindexter

Kweh

Zimpel

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similar to humans, circulating 25(OH)D concentrations of 20 to 50 ng/mL of serum have traditionally been described as normal for cattle, with concentrations below 10 ng/mL indicative of vitamin D deficiency (Horst et al, 1994;Norman, 2008). However, humans and cattle that receive abundant exposure to summer sun (i.e., lifeguards or cattle on pasture) without vitamin D supplementation have serum 25(OH)D concentrations between 40 to 100 ng/mL (Hollis, 2005;Casas et al, 2015;Nelson et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D status of dairy cattle: Outcomes of current practices in the dairy industry

Nelson

Lippolis

Reinhardt

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The need for vitamin D supplementation of dairy cattle has been known for the better part of the last century and is well appreciated by dairy producers and nutritionists. Whether current recommendations and practices for supplemental vitamin D are meeting the needs of dairy cattle, however, is not well known. The vitamin D status of animals is reliably indicated by the concentration of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] metabolite in serum or plasma, with a concentration of 30ng/mL proposed as a lower threshold for sufficiency. The objective of this study was to determine the typical serum 25(OH)D concentrations of dairy cattle across various dairy operations. The serum 25(OH)D concentration of 702 samples collected from cows across various stages of lactation, housing systems, and locations in the United States was 68±22ng/mL (mean ± standard deviation), with the majority of samples between 40 and 100ng/mL. Most of the 12 herds surveyed supplemented cows with 30,000 to 50,000 IU of vitamin D/d, and average serum 25(OH)D of cows at 100 to 300 DIM in each of those herds was near or above 70ng/mL regardless of season or housing. In contrast, average serum 25(OH)D of a herd supplementing with 20,000 IU/d was 42±15ng/mL, with 22% below 30ng/mL. Cows in early lactation (0 to 30d in milk) also had lower serum 25(OH)D than did mid- to late-lactation cows (57±17 vs. 71±20ng/mL, respectively). Serum 25(OH)D of yearling heifers receiving 11,000 to 12,000 IU of vitamin D/d was near that of cows at 76±15ng/mL. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations of calves, on the other hand, was 15±11ng/mL at birth and remained near or below 15ng/mL through 1mo of age if they were fed pasteurized waste milk with little to no summer sun exposure. In contrast, serum 25(OH)D of calves fed milk replacer containing 6,600 and 11,000 IU of vitamin D/kg of dry matter were 59±8 and 98±33ng/mL, respectively, at 1mo of age. Experimental data from calves similarly indicated that serum 25(OH)D achieved at approximately 1mo of age would increase 6 to 7ng/mL for every 1,000 IU of vitamin D/kg of dry matter of milk replacer. In conclusion, vitamin D status of dairy cattle supplemented with vitamin D according to typical practices, about 1.5 to 2.5 times the National Research Council recommendation, is sufficient as defined by serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Newborn calves and calves fed milk without supplemental vitamin D, however, are prone to deficiency.

show abstract

“…Similarly, cattle infected with experimental bovine diarrhoea virus experienced a significant decrease in 25(OH) D concentrations 46 . Another potential explanation is that young animals have lower vitamin D status than adults and consequently the range of 25(OH)D concentrations is smaller than in adults 27,47 . The small variation in 25(OH)D concentrations in the IDEAL calves may reduce the study's ability to detect relationships between 25(OH)D concentrations and longer-term health outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of vitamin D status in Kenyan calves

Callaby

Hurst

Handel

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vitamin D plays a critical role in calcium homeostasis and in the maintenance and development of skeletal health. Vitamin D status has increasingly been linked to non-skeletal health outcomes such as all-cause mortality, infectious diseases and reproductive outcomes in both humans and veterinary species. We have previously demonstrated a relationship between vitamin D status, assessed by the measurement of serum concentrations of the major vitamin D metabolite 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and a wide range of non-skeletal health outcomes in companion and wild animals. The aims of this study were to define the host and environmental factors associated with vitamin D status in a cohort of 527 calves from Western Kenya which were part of the Infectious Disease of East African Livestock (IDEAL) cohort. A secondary aim was to explore the relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentrations measured in 7-day old calves and subsequent health outcomes over the following 12 months. A genome wide association study demonstrated that both dietary and endogenously produced vitamin D metabolites were under polygenic control in African calves. In addition, we found that neonatal vitamin D status was not predictive of the subsequent development of an infectious disease event or mortality over the 12 month follow up period.

show abstract

Assessment of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of beef cows and calves across seasons and geographical locations1

Cited by 34 publications

References 29 publications

Feeding supplemental 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 increases serum mineral concentrations and alters mammary immunity of lactating dairy cows

Feeding supplemental 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 increases serum mineral concentrations and alters mammary immunity of lactating dairy cows

Vitamin D status of dairy cattle: Outcomes of current practices in the dairy industry

Determinants of vitamin D status in Kenyan calves

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About