Assessment of Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors for Anaplasmosis in Camelus dromedarius

Alsubki, Roua A.; Albohairy, Fatima M.; Attia, Kotb A.; Itoh, Kazuyoshi; Selim, Abdelfattah; Sayed-Ahmed, Mohamed Z.

doi:10.3390/vetsci9020057

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites of humans and animals. They transmit more species of pathogens than any other blood-feeding arthropod [ 1 - 6 ] and require careful monitoring and control measures [ 7 , 8 ]. A variety of tick-borne diseases affect animal productivity in developing countries [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors associated with tropical theileriosis in Egyptian dairy cattle

2022

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Background and Aim: Theileria annulata is the most prevalent piroplasm infecting cattle across Egypt. Theileriosis is transmitted by ixodid ticks of the genus Hyalomma. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of theileriosis in cattle and their associated risk factors for infection. Materials and Methods: A total of 570 blood samples were collected from cattle from five governorates (administrative districts) in Egypt and examined using a polymerase chain reaction assay to estimate the prevalence of tropical theileriosis and assess the associated risk factors. Results: The overall prevalence rate was 16.49%, with the Alexandria district having the highest prevalence. The results revealed that the risk of theileriosis was elevated in older cattle (odds ratio [OR]=8.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.6- 21.9), especially in summers (OR=3.07, 95% CI: 1.4-6.3). Cattle heavily infested with ticks were at particular risk (OR=3.05, 95% CI: 2.1-4.5), as were those to which acaricide had not been applied (OR=13.7, 95% CI: 5.6-33.6). Conclusion: Understanding the risk factors associated with T. annulata infection and regular infection monitoring could reduce infection rates and economic losses and is essential for the implementation of efficient control programs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors associated with tropical theileriosis in Egyptian dairy cattle

2022

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“…However, significant association of seropositivity with camel age was not found for Anaplasma spp. in Egypt [ 39 ], or C. burnetii in Algeria [ 40 ], although in both studies camels over 15 years of age were not considered separately. The ability of older camels to mount a serological response to tick-associated infections and the persistence of serum antibodies in such older animals deserves further study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Antibodies to Ehrlichia spp. in Dromedary Camels and Co-Grazing Sheep in Northern Kenya Using an Ehrlichia ruminantium Polyclonal Competitive ELISA

et al. 2022

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A disease with clinical and post-mortem presentation similar to those seen in heartwater, a tick-borne disease of domestic and wild ruminants caused by the intracellular bacterium Ehrlichia ruminantium, was first reported in dromedary camels in Kenya in 2016; investigations carried out at the time to determine the cause were inconclusive. In the present study, we screened sera from Kenyan camels collected before (2015) and after (2020) the 2016 disease outbreak for antibodies to Ehrlichia spp. using an E. ruminantium polyclonal competitive ELISA (PC-ELISA). Median antibody levels were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) amongst camels originating from areas where the heartwater-like disease was reported than from disease-free areas, for animals sampled in both 2015 and 2020. Overall median seropositivity was higher in camels sampled in 2015 than in 2020, which could have been due to higher mean age in the former group. Camels that were PCR-positive for Candidatus Ehrlichia regneryi had significantly lower (p = 0.03) median antibody levels than PCR-negative camels. Our results indicate that Kenyan camels are frequently exposed to E. ruminantium from an early age, E. ruminantium was unlikely to have been the sole cause of the outbreak of heartwater-like disease; and Ca. E. regneryi does not appreciably cross-react with E. ruminantium in the PC-ELISA.

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“…Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease that affects various domestic ruminants, including sheep and goats, and is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions [ 2 - 4 ]. In Egypt, despite the detection of Anaplasma spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Egypt, few studies have been reported for Anaplasma spp. in cattle, buffalo, and camels [ 2 , 3 ]. At present, no research has investigated Anaplasma spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first study on the seroprevalence of Anaplasma spp. in small ruminants and assessment of associated risk factors in North Egypt

et al. 2022

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Background and Aim: Ovine anaplasmosis is a rickettsial disease caused by Anaplasma spp. These Gram-negative intracellular bacteria are mainly transmitted by ticks and infected blood cells of caprine, ovine, and wild small ruminants. At present, epidemiological data on anaplasmosis in cattle, dogs, and camels in Egypt are available, but the data about Anaplasma spp. in sheep and goat are scarce. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Anaplasma spp. in small ruminants and assess the associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the seroprevalence of Anaplasma spp. in 300 sheep and 300 goats from four governorates in North Egypt using a commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays kit, and the associated risk factors for the infection were evaluated. Results: Overall, the seroprevalence of anti-Anaplasma antibodies was 18.3% and 21.3% in sheep and goats, respectively. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine the association between risk factors and Anaplasma spp. infection. Conclusion: Age, animal husbandry, acaricide use, tick infestation, and contact with cattle were the primary risk factors for Anaplasma seropositivity. This study confirms the presence of antibodies against Anaplasma spp. in small ruminants from Egypt. This is the first study to assess the associated risk factors for Anaplasma infection in small ruminants from Egypt. Further studies are needed to improve the understanding of the associated disease factors, facilitating the development of new procedures for control of anaplasmosis in livestock.

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Assessment of Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors for Anaplasmosis in Camelus dromedarius

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

Prevalence and risk factors associated with tropical theileriosis in Egyptian dairy cattle

Prevalence and risk factors associated with tropical theileriosis in Egyptian dairy cattle

Detection of Antibodies to Ehrlichia spp. in Dromedary Camels and Co-Grazing Sheep in Northern Kenya Using an Ehrlichia ruminantium Polyclonal Competitive ELISA

The first study on the seroprevalence of Anaplasma spp. in small ruminants and assessment of associated risk factors in North Egypt

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