Assessment of serological tests for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis

Silva, Denise Amaro da; Madeira, Maria de Fátima; Abrantes, Tuanne Rotti; Filho, Carlos José de Lima Barbosa; Figueiredo, Fabiano Borges

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.06.010

Cited by 33 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Moreover, IFAT may be impractical for use in rural areas because of the lack of laboratory equipment and qualified technicians to interpret the results. Although ELISA also presented cross-reactivity, its sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility were better than that of IFAT [20], [28]. Furthermore, ELISA is an automated technique that enables the testing of a large number of samples simultaneously and is less subjective than IFAT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Change in Canine Diagnosis Protocol Adopted by the Visceral Leishmaniasis Control Program in Brazil and a New Proposal for Diagnosis

et al. 2014

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The techniques used for diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in Brazil ELISA and IFAT have been extensively questioned because of the accuracy of these tests. A recent change in the diagnosis protocol excluded IFAT and included the Dual-Path Platform (DPP). We evaluated the prevalence and incidence rates of Leishmania spp. before and after the change in the protocol. In addition, based on our results, we propose a new alternative that is less expensive for the screening and confirmation of CVL. Plasma samples were obtained from a serobank from dogs evaluated in a cross-sectional study (1,226 dogs) and in a cohort study of susceptible animals (n = 447), followed for 26 months. Serology testing was performed using ELISA, IFAT, and DPP. The incidence and prevalence of CVL were determined by using the protocol of the Visceral Leishmaniasis Control and Surveillance Program until 2012 (ELISA and IFAT using filter paper) and the protocol used after 2012 (DPP and ELISA using plasma). The prevalence was 6.2% and the incidence was 2.8 per 1,000 dog-months for the protocol used until 2012. For the new diagnosis protocol for CVL resulted in an incidence of 5.4 per 1,000 dog-months and a prevalence of 8.1%. Our results showed that the prevalence and incidence of infection were far greater than suggested by the previously used protocol and that the magnitude of infection in endemic areas has been underestimated. As tests are performed sequentially and euthanasia of dogs is carried out when the serological results are positive in both tests, the sequence does not affect the number of animals to be eliminated by the Control Program. Then we suggest to municipalities with a large demand of exams to use ELISA for screening and DPP for confirmation, since this allows easier performance and reduced cost.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Change in Canine Diagnosis Protocol Adopted by the Visceral Leishmaniasis Control Program in Brazil and a New Proposal for Diagnosis

et al. 2014

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“…Thus surveillance and control programs of reservoir hosts are essential (Silva et al 2012;Tesh 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: seroprevalence survey of asymptomatic dogs in an endemic area of northwestern Iran

et al. 2013

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Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a major public health problem that is endemic in tropical and sub tropical countries and is fatal in humans and dogs. In addition to symptomatic dogs, asymptomatic ones seem as source of Leishmania infantum infection. Thus surveillance and control programs of reservoir hosts are essential. This study aimed to evaluate the sero-prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis in asymptomatic domestic dogs from in an endemic area of north west, Iran. A cross sectional study was carried out in Meshkin-Shahr district during 2011-2012. Blood samples collected from 508 asymptomatic domestic dogs were tested by direct agglutination test. In this study 508 dogs (397 males and 111 females, mean age, 3.24 years) from western and eastern parts of the MeshkinShahr were examined. A total of 508 dogs examined 119 dogs (23.4 %) had antibodies (titers of C1:320) against L. infantum. Statistically significance was occurred between male (25.4 %) and female (16.2) sero-prevalence (P = 0.042). No statistically significance was observed between age groups (P = 0.22). Compared with previous studies it seems to increase sero-prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis in dogs in the studied areas caused by ecological changes. High proportion of asymptomatic but seropositive dogs emphasizes the importance of dogs without clinical signs in the epidemiology of zoonotic leishmaniasis. Thus, the necessity of using serological tests in asymptomatic dogs is recommended for disease control strategy.

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“…Thus, DPP is performed in a laboratory and positivity is confirmed by means of an ELISA test (EIE-Bio-Manguinhos®) in order to ensure greater sensitivity and specificity (ARRUDA et al, 2013). Silva et al (2013) observed greater sensitivity for DPP (93%) than was seen from the data presented herein. However, their data were derived from only one time point, while ours were based on a longitudinal study, in which positivity was influenced by the course of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…This is an essential difference to similar reports, in which the diagnostic comparison is usually made by cross-sectional studies, evaluating samples taken at only one time point (ASHFORD et al, 1995;SOLANO-GALLEGO et al, 2001;REITHINGER et al, 2002;MOREIRA et al, 2007;FALQUETO et al, 2009;GRIMALDI et al, 2012b;SILVA et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Serological, parasitological and molecular tests for canine visceral leishmaniosis diagnosis in a longitudinal study

Nunes

Lima

Melo

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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One of the measures to control visceral leishmaniosis (VL) in Brazil is the identification and culling of the canine reservoir. There is much controversy concerning this strategy, including the proper identification of positive dogs and the fact that the host-parasite relationship changes over time make it more challenging. A dynamic cohort of 62 dogs was followed every three months using serological and parasitological examinations and PCR. Positivity by PCR was higher than by serology and by parasitological examinations and showed a tendency to decrease over time, while serology tended to increase after six months. Concomitant positivity in all tests was observed in 10.4% of the samples, and negativity in 29.1%. Overall sensitivity ranged from 43.6 to 64.1%, and was not uniform over time. The proportion of dogs with or without clinical signs was not different by cytology or PCR but PCR was able to identify a larger number of asymptomatic dogs compared to ELISA and immunochromatography. PCR can be useful for surveillance of areas where cases of canine VL have not yet been detected and in which control strategies can be implemented to limit the spread of the disease. Despite the advance in diagnostic tools CVL diagnosis remains a challenge.

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Assessment of serological tests for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis

Cited by 33 publications

References 6 publications

Evaluation of Change in Canine Diagnosis Protocol Adopted by the Visceral Leishmaniasis Control Program in Brazil and a New Proposal for Diagnosis

Evaluation of Change in Canine Diagnosis Protocol Adopted by the Visceral Leishmaniasis Control Program in Brazil and a New Proposal for Diagnosis

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: seroprevalence survey of asymptomatic dogs in an endemic area of northwestern Iran

Serological, parasitological and molecular tests for canine visceral leishmaniosis diagnosis in a longitudinal study

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