Abstract:Under grid distortions, Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) must adopt proper control strategies to fulfill the power system requirements and ensure a stable operation. An inappropriate control under such conditions may lead to energy unbalances between the MMC legs, inaccurate current injection, and failure in the synchronization process. In this context, sequence extraction methods play a critical role in enhancing the performance of the control, firstly, by aiding the Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) to maintain the… Show more
“…As seen in Fig. 3, the desired HS component (h 1 ) has been modified in both phase and magnitude after phase modification (10) and cancellation stages as…”
Section: (B)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The estimation of frequency, amplitude, and phase of voltages or currents in electric power systems is the core issue for various applications related to microgrids [5], DG [6], flexible alternating current transmission systems [7], and conditioner devices such as dynamic voltage restorers [8], active filters [9], unified power flow controllers, or static synchronous compensators [10]. For example, in microgrids, the extraction of fundamental frequency positive and negative sequence (FFPS/FFNS) voltages from HS disturbance is required for the proper operation and control of inverters [11].…”
A new type of filter/extractor named independent time-delay signal cancellation (itDSC) method is proposed in this article. Unlike conventional harmonic sequence filter (HSF) designs, the phase modifying and vector recovering stages of the proposed itDSC are separately set with single targets to make time-delays independent from the targeted HS indices and fundamental period. Consequently, the proposed HSF is more flexible in design, more robust and accurate in performance as well as faster in dynamic response compared to the conventional ones. A new phasor representation of an arbitrary order and sequence is first introduced for three-phase signals by using only a single integer-index-number (h). Then, a generalized principle of filtering/extracting arbitrary HS is proposed where the conventional time-dependent methods are specific cases. Last, new designs with independent time-delays are proposed to avoid the drawbacks of dependent time-delays and improve the filter performance in the applied systems. Comparative performance and extended applications on fundamental-frequency positive-sequence extraction used in power converter control areas are presented. The experiments show the superiority, application potentials, and challenges of the proposed method in the power converter control area.
“…As seen in Fig. 3, the desired HS component (h 1 ) has been modified in both phase and magnitude after phase modification (10) and cancellation stages as…”
Section: (B)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The estimation of frequency, amplitude, and phase of voltages or currents in electric power systems is the core issue for various applications related to microgrids [5], DG [6], flexible alternating current transmission systems [7], and conditioner devices such as dynamic voltage restorers [8], active filters [9], unified power flow controllers, or static synchronous compensators [10]. For example, in microgrids, the extraction of fundamental frequency positive and negative sequence (FFPS/FFNS) voltages from HS disturbance is required for the proper operation and control of inverters [11].…”
A new type of filter/extractor named independent time-delay signal cancellation (itDSC) method is proposed in this article. Unlike conventional harmonic sequence filter (HSF) designs, the phase modifying and vector recovering stages of the proposed itDSC are separately set with single targets to make time-delays independent from the targeted HS indices and fundamental period. Consequently, the proposed HSF is more flexible in design, more robust and accurate in performance as well as faster in dynamic response compared to the conventional ones. A new phasor representation of an arbitrary order and sequence is first introduced for three-phase signals by using only a single integer-index-number (h). Then, a generalized principle of filtering/extracting arbitrary HS is proposed where the conventional time-dependent methods are specific cases. Last, new designs with independent time-delays are proposed to avoid the drawbacks of dependent time-delays and improve the filter performance in the applied systems. Comparative performance and extended applications on fundamental-frequency positive-sequence extraction used in power converter control areas are presented. The experiments show the superiority, application potentials, and challenges of the proposed method in the power converter control area.
“…In the literature, there are different sequence extraction schemes available [21][22][23][24][25]. Most of these sequence extraction techniques use the fundamental equation in the stationary reference frame that is given in (2).…”
The increasing share of converter-based renewable energy sources in the power system has forced the system operators to demand voltage support from the converters in case of faults. In the case of symmetric faults, all the phases have equal voltage support, but in the case of asymmetric faults, selective voltage support is required. The grid codes define the voltage support required in the case of symmetric/asymmetric faults, which is the reactive current injection in the respective sequence proportional to its voltage dip, but studies confirm that it does not result in a minimum unbalance factor in the case of asymmetric faults. The unbalance factor is an indication of the level of imbalance voltage among the phases. Moreover, it also results in fluctuated active power injection in the case of asymmetric faults, which causes dc link voltage fluctuations, and the power reversal may also occur due to such fluctuations, which leads to higher protection costs for the dc link. In order to (1) enhance the uniformity of voltage among different phases in the case of asymmetric faults and (2) minimize the real power fluctuations in such conditions, a novel control scheme is presented in this paper. It optimally distributes the negative sequence current phasor into its active and reactive components to achieve the minimum voltage unbalance factor. It also confirms the minimum real power fluctuations by adjusting the positive and negative sequence current phasors. The proposed scheme also ensures the current limit of the converter. The proposed scheme is developed in Matlab/Simulink and tested under different faulty conditions. The results confirm the better performance of the proposed scheme against the grid code recommendation under different faulty conditions.
“…In a variable frequency environment, a frequency-adaptive comb filter is computationally expensive to implement as it requires fractional delay. A comparative assessment of sequence extraction methods can be found in [26].…”
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