Assessment of Self-Efficacy and its Relationship with Frailty in the Elderly

Abstract

Objective It has been increasingly recognized in various clinical areas that self-efficacy promotes the level of competence in patients. The validity, applicability and potential usefulness of a new, simple model for assessing self-efficacy in the elderly with special reference to frailty were investigated for improving elderly patients' accomplishments. Methods The subjects of the present study comprised 257 elderly people who were members of the New Elder Citizen Movement in Japan and their mean age was 82.3±3.8 years. Interview materials including self-efficacy questionnaires were sent to all participants in advance and all other physical examinations were performed at the Life Planning Center Clinic. Results The internal consistency and close relation among a set of items used as a measure of self-efficacy were evaluated by Cronbach's alpha index, which was 0.79. Although no age-dependent difference was identified in either sex, gender-related differences in some factors were noted. Regarding several parametric parameters, Beck's inventory alone revealed a significant relationship to self-efficacy in both sexes. Additionally, non-parametric items such as stamina, power and memory were strongly correlated with self-efficacy in both sexes. Frailty showed a significant independent relationship with self-efficacy in a multiple linear regression model analysis and using Beck's inventory, stamina, power and memory were identified to be independent factors for self-efficacy. Conclusion The simple assessment of self-efficacy described in this study may be a useful tool for successful aging of elderly people.

Development of Primary Care, Lifestyle Disease and New ElderlyAssociation (NEA) in Japan – Common Philosophy With Hinohara-ism

“…Formerly 140 masters' athletes were investigated, and 7 factors influenced health esteem, which are constipation, abdominal fullness, insomnia, age, hypnagogic disorder, fatigue-related symptom and forgetfulness [39]. Three factors influenced satisfaction of daily life, which are persistent neurological symptom, age and difficulty in making judgment [39].…”

“…Three factors influenced satisfaction of daily life, which are persistent neurological symptom, age and difficulty in making judgment [39]. Masters' athletes would be the model of anti-aging medicine and be healthy in body and soul.…”

Study on the Health Communication Behavior of Chinese Doctors on Network Media——Based on the Empirical Investigation of 119 Chinese Doctors

“…Self-efficacy. According to social cognition theory, self-efficacy has a significant predictive effect on human motivation, behavior, and attitude 18 . The professional efficacy of this study was measured by the doctor's consent to the following statements: I am confident in my professional skills; the operation of the hospital is a complex system that I cannot understand; commenting on the Internet is one of the ways I express my views on hospital development.…”

Philosophy of Internal Medicine – Osler and Hinohara-ism

“…Concerning additional clinical role of internal medicine, some psychological and psychosomatic factors are expected to be involved in the future. 14,15 Other contribution of Dr. Hinohara has been the foundation of the New Elderly Association (NEA) in 2000 and the launch the movement in Japan and other countries. 1,16 NEA adopted four slogans, which are to love, to initiate, to endure and to promote world peace.…”