Assessment of Seeder Performance for Particle Velocimetry in a Scramjet Combustor

Howison, Jason; Goyne, Christopher P.

doi:10.2514/1.44469

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Therefore, the Stokes number in actuality was larger due to a larger effective particle size. Howison and Goyne [26] performed an experiment with the seeder using a sampling probe and reported an average silica particle size of a 0.27 μm diameter with an error of .07 μm. These particles are particularly effective for combusting flows since they are nonreactive and withstand flame temperatures.…”

Section: B Tracer Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seeding Bias in Particle Image Velocimetry Applied to Dual-Mode Scramjet

Rice

Goyne

McDaniel

2015

Journal of Propulsion and Power

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Uniform seeding is important for particle image velocimetry due to the fact that all velocity data are derived from the movement of particles as fluid tracers. However, in some wind tunnel applications, uniform seeding is not possible due to the severe fouling of windows. One such application is in the University of Virginia Supersonic Combustion Facility. Past particle image velocimetry measurements in this facility have potential velocity bias errors due to nonuniform seeding, since particles were only introduced in the fuel stream and not the freestream of a dual-mode scramjet combustor. The present study seeks to experimentally quantify the velocity bias errors associated with introducing seed particles into a single stream of a fuel and freestream mixing and combusting region of the scramjet flowpath. The velocity bias is quantified by measuring the velocity field at the combustor exit using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry under three seeding scenarios: 1) fuel stream only seeded, 2) fuel and freestream seeded, and 3) freestream only seeded. The case of seeding both the fuel and freestream was taken as the baseline, or most ideal solution. The results indicate that the effect of the seeding bias is relatively small since seeding the fuel only results in an average seeding bias error of 3.7% in mean velocity and 2.5% for the case of freestream only seeded. For the rms velocity, the average error induced by the seeding bias was 6.6 and 4.1%, respectively. Nomenclature d = fluid domain length scale d p = particle diameter H = fuel injector normal ramp height Kn = Knudsen number P ref = measured static pressure immediately downstream of facility nozzle Q = ratio between peak heights of first and second highest correlation peaks St = Stokes number U = fluid characteristic velocity u rms = axial component of rms velocity in x direction u = axial component of mean velocity in x direction x = axial Cartesian coordinate y = vertical Cartesian coordinate in transverse plane z = horizontal Cartesian coordinate in transverse plane γ= specific heat ratio ε = percent difference μ g = fluid viscosity ρ p = particle density τ p = particle response time φ = fuel equivalence ratio ω x = vorticity in x direction (out of plane)

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Section: B Tracer Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pressure was monitored on both seeders in order to deliver a constant seed density to both streams during all three seeding cases, and seed density was assessed qualitatively. Full details of both seeders are available elsewhere [26].…”

Section: B Tracer Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeding Bias in Particle Image Velocimetry Applied to Dual-Mode Scramjet

Rice

Goyne

McDaniel

2015

Journal of Propulsion and Power

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“…Although samples of the raw material could be analyzed, prior studies have shown that tracer particle agglomeration may occur during the fluidization process prior to injection. 28,29 Additionally, the reacting flow environment of interest in this study necessarily alters particle size and shape. Ideally, particles would be sampled directly from the flowfield, but this is not practical given the high temperatures and velocities within the measurement plane.…”

Section: E Tracer Particle Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Velocimetry Using Graphite Tracer Particles in a Scramjet Flowpath (Invited)

Kirik

Goyne

McDaniel

et al. 2015

53rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting

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“…Pressure is monitored on both seeders in order to deliver a constant seed density to both streams during all three seeding cases and seed density is assessed qualitatively. The seeder design and operation is documented by Howison and Goyne [58]. These investigators also verified quantitatively the seeder produced particle size and shape and showed that the apparatus is capable of delivering seed with predominantly the characteristics of the primary particles [58].…”

Section: Particles and Seeding Methodsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The seeder design and operation is documented by Howison and Goyne [58]. These investigators also verified quantitatively the seeder produced particle size and shape and showed that the apparatus is capable of delivering seed with predominantly the characteristics of the primary particles [58]. According to Howison, the average particle size delivered by the seeding apparatus was 0.27 µm diameter with a standard deviation of .07 µm.…”

Section: Particles and Seeding Methodsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Characterization of a Dual-Mode Scramjet via Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry

Rice

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Scramjet propulsion devices have the potential for revolutionizing high-speed atmospheric flight in the future. This includes aerospace planes for space access and high-speed long distance strike vehicles for national defense. Despite over 60 years of research, the high-speed, turbulent, combusting flow field of the engine is not fully understood. In particular, the dual-mode scramjet (DMSJ) is complicated by the ability to operate in different modes of combustion. These modes of combustion are referred to as the ramjet mode of operation, characterized by subsonic combustor inflow, and the scramjet mode of operation, characterized by supersonic combustor inflow. The gap in iii

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Assessment of Seeder Performance for Particle Velocimetry in a Scramjet Combustor

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Seeding Bias in Particle Image Velocimetry Applied to Dual-Mode Scramjet

Seeding Bias in Particle Image Velocimetry Applied to Dual-Mode Scramjet

Velocimetry Using Graphite Tracer Particles in a Scramjet Flowpath (Invited)

Characterization of a Dual-Mode Scramjet via Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry

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