Assessment of Seed-Borne Plant Pathogenic Fungi Associated with Rice Crop in South-Eastern Nigeria

Iwuagwu, Christian Chukwunenye; Iwuagwu,; Ikechukwu, Charles; Umechuruba,; Chimezie, Charles; Ononuju,; Nwogbaga, A.C.

doi:10.17265/2161-6256/2018.02.003

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from stored rice seeds using agar plate methods and identified using fungal family of the world mycological monograph [10], the identified cultures was preserved in PDA slants for further use.…”

Section: Isolation Of Aspergillus Fumigatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of antifungal efficacy of chitosan against Aspergillus fumigatus of stored rice (Oryza sativa)

Aremu¹,

Adebola²,

Egwim³

et al. 2023

GSC Biol. Pharm. Sci.

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Contamination of stored rice with fungal pathogens results in rice of poor quality and economic value, and may also have harmful effects on human and animal health. This study aimed at evaluating the antifungal efficacy of chitosan against Aspergillus fumigatus of stored rice (Oryza sativa). Four forms of chitosan were used in this study viz; Purchased Low, Medium and high molecular weight chitosan and chitosan synthesized from Crab Shell using deproteinization, demineralization, decolouration and deacetylation. Degree of deacetylation of the synthesized chitosan was determined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The in vitro antifungal activity of all forms of chitosan were determined using food poisoning method against Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from stored rice seeds using agar plate methods. The percentage inhibition of mycelial radial growth Aspergillus fumigatus by the different forms of chitosan was determined. Fourier Transfrom InfraRed Spectra of synthesized chitosan showed major absorption bands from 3444.72, 2966.17, 2512.60, 2144.84, 1429.74, 1258.12, 1160.05, 1025.2, 869.92, 710.50, 608.40 to 559.36. Absorption peak at 559 was assigned to glucopyranose ring in the chitosan matrix. Degree of deacetylation of synthesized chitosan was at 98.6% degree. Highest mycelia radial growth of 8.00 cm was recorded in control, while 2.00, 0.00, 5.23, and 1.33cm were recorded in 2.0% concentration of High Molecular Weight Chitosan (HMWC), Medium Molecular Weight Chitosan (MMWC), Low Molecular Weight Chitosan (LMWC) and Chitosan synthesized from Crab shell (CSCS) treatment respectively. The result of the percentage inhibition reveals that A. fumigatus had 100% inhibition in 1.5% HMWC and 2.0% MMWC while 85% inhibition in 2.0% CSCS which were significantly different from 2.0% LMWC with 36.5% inhibitions. Results obtained from this study has shown the effectiveness of chitosan as an effective antifungal agent which can improve and maintain the quality of stored rice and ensure a safer environment due to its nontoxic and environmental friendly properties.

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Section: Isolation Of Aspergillus Fumigatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of antifungal efficacy of chitosan against Aspergillus fumigatus of stored rice (Oryza sativa)

Aremu¹,

Adebola²,

Egwim³

et al. 2023

GSC Biol. Pharm. Sci.

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Biocidal-Efficacy of Gorgoneia Latifolium, Myristica Fragans and Alpron- Plus on Seed Health, Germination Percentage, Seedling Vigour of Sweet Melon (Cucumis Melo L.) Seeds and Associated Fungi Organisms

Iwuagwu

Mbanekwu²,

Aguwa³

et al. 2022

Int. J. Res. Granthaalayah

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Laboratory experiment was conducted to test the effects of bio-medicinal plants (Gongronema latifolium (Utazi) leaves and Myristica fragans (Nutmeg) seeds) and synthetic fungicide (Alpron- Plus) on seed health, germination percentage and seedling vigour of sweet melon seeds. The experiment was conducted at the Crop Science and Horticulture Laboratory, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State. Bio-medicinal plants were used as crude powdery seed dressers as well as synthetic fungicide. The experiment was laid out in a simple completely randomized design (CRD) with ten replications which consisted of blotter paper germination/ seed health tests of sweet melon seeds and seedling vigour and seedling vigour index tests using soil medium. Ten petri dishes and ten polybags were used respectively for each of the plant extracts and synthetic fungicides simultaneously for both blotter paper and soil medium tests. Twenty seeds which were independently dressed with various plant extracts and synthetic fungicide were plated into one 9cm Petri dish containing three layers of blotter paper in circular form. For soil medium method, ten polybags with few small perforations underneath filled with sterilized top soil were used for each fungicide. The Petri dishes containing the plated seeds were incubated on the Laboratory benches for eight days while seedlings in polybags were kept in the screenhouse and observations were taken and recorded daily for germination count, fungal growth then germination index and seedling vigour index which were derived later with appropriate formulae and their values being expressed in percentages. The results of this investigation revealed that bio-medicinal plant crude extracts had significant effect on germination percentage and germination index of Sweet- melon seeds. Gongronema latifolium crude extract had the highest germination index. The synthetic fungicide was effective in protecting the seeds of sweet melon though had low germination percentage. Nutmeg was not effective when used in crude powdery form as dressers as it had the lowest germination percentage and the highest infestation percentage. It could therefore be recommended that the plant extracts tested in this experiment should not be used as powdery seed dressers but as essential oil using appropriate extracting solvents in order for the bioactive ingredients to act effectively in preventing micro-organisms that hinder germination of sweet melon seeds.

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Assessment of Seed-Borne Plant Pathogenic Fungi, Insect Emergence and Percentage Germinability Associated with Harvested and Stored Rice in Kwara State, Nigeria

Aremu¹,

Kurah²,

Okparavero³

et al. 2021

African Journal of Agriculture and Food Science

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This study was conducted to assess the incidence of seed-borne fungi, insect emergence as it affect the germinability rate of rice seed collected from the major rice growing areas of Kwara State, Nigeria, The rice seeds were collected during the dry season of 2019. Five (5) fungi species were isolated from all the rice samples. The incidence of fungi pathogens vary from one locality to another, as well as the frequency of occurrence. The pathogens isolated include Fusarium. oxysporium, Aspergillus spp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus., Cladosporium sp., Mucor sp. FARO 44 rice variety has the highest incidence of fungal pathogen(12.5× 104) while local varieties Alhaji Sule and Kuddo has the lowest incidence of (0.5× 104) respectively. Penicillium sp. has the highest percentage frequency of occurrence (49.3%) while cladosporium sp has lowest (1.33%) across all samples. Sample 9(F-52), 15(E) and 17(K) has the lowest percentage germinability of 41, 40 and 45% while sample 11(AB) and 8(K) has the highest percentage germinability of 84% and 77% respectively. All the samples do not have the most serious damaging insect infestation of Sitophilus oryzae but some of the sample has infestation of some other insects such as Rhyzopertha dominca, a lesser grain borer and a primary stored pest of cereals, Tribolium. castaneum a secondary pest and some other unidentified insects in varying percentage. Measures such as lowest moisture content of seed meant for storage and proper cleaning of the store must be put in place to avoid seed deterioration as a result of seed borne fungal pathogen and insect infestation.

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Assessment of Seed-Borne Plant Pathogenic Fungi Associated with Rice Crop in South-Eastern Nigeria

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Evaluation of antifungal efficacy of chitosan against Aspergillus fumigatus of stored rice (Oryza sativa)

Evaluation of antifungal efficacy of chitosan against Aspergillus fumigatus of stored rice (Oryza sativa)

Biocidal-Efficacy of Gorgoneia Latifolium, Myristica Fragans and Alpron- Plus on Seed Health, Germination Percentage, Seedling Vigour of Sweet Melon (Cucumis Melo L.) Seeds and Associated Fungi Organisms

Assessment of Seed-Borne Plant Pathogenic Fungi, Insect Emergence and Percentage Germinability Associated with Harvested and Stored Rice in Kwara State, Nigeria

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