Assessment of seasonal variations in surface water quality

Evaluation of spatial-temporal variations and trends in surface water quality across a rural-suburban-urban interface

“…For example, Alberto et al (2001) compared the results of CA, FA/PCA, and DA to evaluate both spatial and temporal changes in Suquia River (Argentina) water quality. PCA has been used to extract the factors associated with hydrochemistry variability in the Passaic River (USA) (Bengraı ne and Marhaba 2003) and seasonal correlations of water quality parameters in the lower St. Johns River (USA) (Ouyang et al 2006). Li et al (2009a) also used PCA and MRA to display spatial and seasonal differences and relationships to land use/land cover in the riparian zone in upper Han River (China).…”

Evaluation of spatial and seasonal variations in surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques

“…The application of different multivariate statistical techniques, such as cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA) helps in the interpretation of complex data matrices to better understand the water quality and ecological status of the studied systems, allows the identification of possible factors sources that influence water systems and offers a valuable tool for reliable management of water resources, as well as rapid solution to pollution problems (Lee et al, 2001;Reghunath et al, 2002;Vega et al, 1998;Wunderlin et al, 2001). Also in recent years, the PCA and FA methods have been exerted for a variety of environmental applications, containing evaluation of ground water monitoring wells and hydrographs, examination of spatial and temporal patterns of surface water quality, identification of chemical species related to hydrological conditions and assessment of environmental quality indicators (Bengraine and Marhaba, 2003;Ouyang, 2005;Ouyang et al, 2006;Perkins and Underwood, 2000;Voutsa et al, 2001). Multivariate statistical techniques has been applied to characterize and evaluate surface and freshwater quality and it is useful in verifying temporal and spatial variations caused by natural and anthropogenic factors linked to seasonality (Singh et al, 2004;2005).…”

Perfil espacial e temporal de poluentes nas águas da represa municipal de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brasil

“…8,9 Isto se deve não somente às características já apresentadas, mas também a outros fatores como disponibilidade de luz, temperatura e micro-organismos que afetam as reações fotoquímicas e biológicas no ambiente. 4,[10][11][12][13][14] Vale ressaltar a importância da distinção e identificação de fontes pontuais e difusas num cenário de degradação ambiental, as quais fornecerão informações necessárias para ações de gerenciamento ambiental e políticas públicas no tocante à preservação e manutenção da qualidade do manancial em questão. As fontes pontuais são mais previsíveis e, uma vez identificadas em um monitoramento ambiental, são mais fáceis de serem gerenciadas, como é o caso do lançamento de efluentes industriais e domésticos.…”