Assessment of Sap Production Parameters From Spathes of Four Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Cultivars in Côte d’Ivoire

Abstract

Several palm plants have social and economic roles worldwide by providing drinks from their sap. In Côte d'Ivoire, management of the coconut sap is not yet practiced. In this study, parameters related to production of sap have been assessed from four coconut cultivars namely PB 113 + and PB 121 + hybrids and WAT and MYD varieties. From all the unopened inflorescences (spathes) studied into the coconut crown, whose ranks varied from 7 to 9, that of rank 8 yielded the highest volume of sap. From this spathe, the PB113 + hybrid provided the best yield of sap (61.81 ± 20.41 l). Most important proportion of that sap volume was recorded at the morning harvesting. The sap production duration of a spathe varied from 24 ± 1.87 days (MYD) to 46.78 ± 1.86 days (PB 113 + ). That duration depended on the length of spathes and regular sap flow allowed by them. Furthermore, the PB 113 + had the highest number of fruits (NBF = 174.33 ± 78.45 fruits). The results showed that volume of sap available is closely related to the length of production (r = 0.78) and the cultivar's nut yield (r = 0.82). The use of PB 113 + hybrid which provided highest quantity of sap is recommended for promoting the production of coconut sap in Côte d'Ivoire in order to improve the benefits derived from this plant.

Investigation in Minerals Nutrients from Powders Deriving with Leaflets of Moringa oleifera L. and Beans of Vigna unguiculata W. for Fortification of the Flour Processed from New Shoots of Borassus aethiopum M.

“…Such observations are involved from the minerals accumulation in the top parts of the plants, especially in leaves where they take part in various physiological processes such as photosynthesis and respiration [12]. Thus, Atchibri et al [29] reported great mineral contents in leafy vegetables, contributing to ensure food safety for populations.…”

“…Various cultural conditions as climate, soil quality, and agronomical practices often consisting in application of natural or artificial manure could result in heterogeneous mineral traits of the plants edible crops. In fact, minerals are with straight soil absorption by the plants roots prior to be drained towards other organs through the xylem [12].…”

“…It has a major role in the muscular contraction, the absorption of vitamin B 12 , and the blood coagulation [35]. Magnesium is effective for prevention against muscles degeneration, development delay and congenital malformations [36].…”

“…However, the common palm wine extraction methods implemented unfortunately involve in the rapid death of the Palmyra plants [11]. Yet, the palm wine production is successfully worked from some palm trees (Cocos nucifera, Elaeis guineensis) using other plant organs like the unopened inflorescences and accounting advantages in the plant's survival [12]. This technology is not yet practiced from the Palmyra plants and their devastation is a serious ecological concern for the biodiversity.…”

In vivo Expression and Evolution of Phytophthora katsurae (Pythiaceae) Symptoms on two Coconut Varieties EGD and PB 121+ after Treatment with Phosphorous Acid in Southern Côte d’Ivoire

“…Nowadays, in addition to traditional uses, new opportunities are opening up for the nucicultural sector, particularly the production of drinks based on coconut sap and coconut sugar (Konan et al, 2014;Konan et al, 2017;Somawiharja, 2018), which could revive this sector.…”