Assessment of River Water Intrusion at the Periphery of Bagmati River in Kathmandu Valley

Gautam, Ramesh; Shrestha, Jaya Krishna; Shrestha, Gyan Kumar Chhipi

doi:10.3126/njst.v14i1.8934

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Average chloride concentration was in the range 123.54mg/l to 201mg/l at respective sites B 1 and B 6 ; the maximum was observed at regions stretching from Balkhu to Chobhar. Gautam et al [15] presented Teku and Sundarighat as the most contaminated sites with reference to chloride content; the concentration was about 17 times higher in urban stretch as compared to the headwaters.…”

Section: Http://wwwpacificejournalscom/aabsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical and Bacteriological Analysis of Bagmati River in Kathmandu Valley

Shraddha¹,

Gurung²,

Chaulagain³

et al. 2018

AABS

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Sampling Sites and Sample Size: This study was conducted in the Microbiology laboratory of St. Xavier's College from January to June 2017. Six different sites along the river (B 1-B 6) were allocated. Bagmati River from Baghdwar to Sundarijal, Gokarna to Jorpati, Guheshwori to Pashupati, Tilganga to Tinkune, Thapathali to Teku and Balkhu to Chobhar were specified as sites B 1 , B 2, B 3 , B 4 , B 5 and B 6 respectively. Four samples were collected from each site. Sample Collection and Transportation: Samples were collected in sterilized bottles with their mouth directed against the water current. Physicochemical parameters were determined at the site itself. Dilutions were made to those samples that were highly polluted and turbid. Samples for bacteriological analysis were taken to laboratory within 4 hours in an ice box and processed immediately. For less feasible sites, samples were processed within 24 hours [1].

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Section: Http://wwwpacificejournalscom/aabsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical and Bacteriological Analysis of Bagmati River in Kathmandu Valley

Shraddha¹,

Gurung²,

Chaulagain³

et al. 2018

AABS

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“…The Bagmati River, an important water resource of Nepal, is currently facing biological, chemical, and other ecological challenges [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Due to an inadequate water supply, untreated water from this river is used by many inhabitants [ 4 , 5 ] for various purposes, including for irrigation [ 6 ], cleaning of freshly harvested crops products [ 7 ], and domestic use [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of Human Enteric Viruses, Protozoa, and Indicators of Pathogens in the Bagmati River, Nepal

et al. 2018

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Quantification of waterborne pathogens in water sources is essential for alerting the community about health hazards. This study determined the presence of human enteric viruses and protozoa in the Bagmati River, Nepal, and detected fecal indicator bacteria (total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus spp.), human-fecal markers (human Bacteroidales and JC and BK polyomaviruses), and index viruses (tobacco mosaic virus and pepper mild mottle virus). During a one-year period between October 2015 and September 2016, a total of 18 surface water samples were collected periodically from three sites along the river. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, all eight types of human enteric viruses tested—including adenoviruses, noroviruses, and enteroviruses, were detected frequently at the midstream and downstream sites, with concentrations of 4.4–8.3 log copies/L. Enteroviruses and saliviruses were the most frequently detected enteric viruses, which were present in 72% (13/18) of the tested samples. Giardia spp. were detected by fluorescence microscopy in 78% (14/18) of the samples, with a lower detection ratio at the upstream site. Cryptosporidium spp. were detected only at the midstream and downstream sites, with a positive ratio of 39% (7/18). The high concentrations of enteric viruses suggest that the midstream and downstream regions are heavily contaminated with human feces and that there are alarming possibilities of waterborne diseases. The concentrations of enteric viruses were significantly higher in the dry season than the wet season (p < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the concentrations of human enteric viruses and the tested indicators for the presence of pathogens (IPP) (p < 0.05), suggesting that these IPP can be used to estimate the presence of enteric viruses in the Bagmati River water.

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“…In case of water quality test for PoU, only P/A vial test and functional residual capacity (FRC) test were carried out. As like Kannel et al (2007), Aryal et al (2013) and Gautam et al (2013), the following parameters were tested for water quality assessment of water sources: (i) Physico-chemical parameters: 1. Electrical conductivity 2. pH 3.…”

Section: Water Quality Assessments Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessments of drinking water supply quality at squatter and indigenous settlements of Bagmati River Corridors in Kathmandu

Phuyal¹,

Maharjan²,

Maharjan³

et al. 2019

Sci. Res. Essays

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This study made an attempt to acquire information on water availability and assess the drinking water quality level of Bagmati river corridors. It identified the different modes of water supply sources and then examined drinking water quality in 37 squatters and 5 indigenous communities which consists 3693 households within Kathmandu Valley. To assess the state of drinking water quality at sources and points of use (POU), the standard water quality indicators were obtained through different parameters. 90 representative water sources' samples for testing the water quality at point of use were carried-out through random sampling of households in the communities. The survey was conducted by visiting each community and gathered information through key informant interview (KII) and questionnaire survey in May that is, pre-monsoon season of the year 2015. The result shows that the maximum samples of the water consumed in the squatter settlements are poor in quality and unhygienic for drinking proposes which does not meet National Drinking Water Quality Standard-2006. Out of 90 source sample, 81 source samples are contaminated in one or many forms. Tube well source has been found contaminated both in biological and chemical form. Tanker source is also emerging as the second major water supply source supplying to a large number of households consists with coliform, and has been noticed in almost all type of sources. P/A vial test concludes that even Jar water, which is considered to be most pure and safe, is contaminated with coliform bacteria. 68% people are willing to pay higher cost for good quality water; so, it is recommended that water samples of every season should be tested even if it makes production cost higher. Water quality regulator should provide awareness program about maintenance of the minimum quality standards (MQS) of drinking water.

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Assessment of River Water Intrusion at the Periphery of Bagmati River in Kathmandu Valley

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Physicochemical and Bacteriological Analysis of Bagmati River in Kathmandu Valley

Physicochemical and Bacteriological Analysis of Bagmati River in Kathmandu Valley

Presence of Human Enteric Viruses, Protozoa, and Indicators of Pathogens in the Bagmati River, Nepal

Assessments of drinking water supply quality at squatter and indigenous settlements of Bagmati River Corridors in Kathmandu

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