Assessment of risk to native Frankenia shrubs from an Asian leaf beetle, Diorhabda elongata deserticola (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), introduced for biological control of saltcedars (Tamarix spp.) in the western United States

Lewis, Phil; DeLoach, C. J.; Herr, John C.; Dudley, Tom L.; Carruthers, Raymond I.

doi:10.1016/s1049-9644(03)00004-5

Cited by 36 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The tests in Kazakhstan measured larval and adult survival on Halimodendron and Ammodentron, reported in the Russian literature to be hosts of D. elongata. Lewis et al (2003a) report an additional 14 tests conducted to measure the suitability of Frankenia as a host plant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An Environmental Assessment was published in the Federal Register for public comment in February 1999 (USDAAnimal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 1999b Here, we report the results of the formal testing, as well as literature and overseas field surveys, on the host range of D. e. deserticola. Additional, extensive testing on the related native small desert shrubs, Frankenia spp., is reported by Lewis et al (2003a) and information on its biology and ecology by Lewis et al (2003b).…”

Section: Biological Control Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, we included the concept of ''critical'' test plants, i.e., those species taxonomically within or near the normally acceptable host range (in this case within the Order Tamaricales) on which no damage or only a low level of damage is allowable. These included athel and the four species of native Frankenia, the latter more extensively tested by Lewis et al (2003a).…”

Section: Test Plants-selection Of Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 191 larvae tested produced three adults, two of which were deformed, or 1.6% of all neonates tested, or 1.7% if Test 1 is excluded (Table 2); the rest of the neonates all died in the first instar. Subsequent tests at Albany revealed greater survival rates and so additional testing was initiated to insure safety (see Lewis et al, 2003a). …”

Section: Consensus Of Larval Tests L2-l6mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host specificity of the leaf beetle, Diorhabda elongata deserticola (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Asia, a biological control agent for saltcedars (Tamarix: Tamaricaceae) in the Western United States

et al. 2003

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Four species of saltcedars, Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb., Tamarix chinensis Lour., Tamarix parviflora DC., and T. canariensis Willd. and their hybrids, are exotic, invasive small trees from Asia that cause great damage to riparian ecosystems of the western United States. They displace native plant communities, degrade wildlife habitat (including that of many endangered species), increase soil salinity and wildfires, lower water tables, reduce water available for agriculture and municipalities, and reduce recreational use of affected areas. Phytophagous insects are abundant on saltcedar in the Old World and we selected Diorhabda elongata Brull e e deserticola Chen as the top candidate biological control agent because of the great damage it causes, and its high host specificity, broad geographic range, and presumed adaptability in the United States. Literature review and our overseas surveys indicated that this insect is associated only with species of Tamarix and occasionally with Myricaria but not with Reumaria or Frankenia (all Tamaricales) in the Old World. In quarantine facilities in the United States, and overseas, we tested beetles from China and Kazakhstan on six species and three hybrids (26 accessions) of Tamarix and on 58 species of other plants, in 15 tests of different types, using 1852 adults and 3547 larvae, over 10 years. Survival from larvae to adults averaged 55-67% on the Tamarix species, 12% on Myricaria sp., and only 1.6% on the three Frankenia spp. No larvae completed their development on any of the other 54 plant species tested, where most larvae died during the first instar. Adults oviposited readily on T. ramosissima accessions, less on Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. (athel), and only rarely on other plants. The host range of the D. e. deserticola we tested from Kazakhstan was not different from those we tested from China. Therefore, D. e. deserticola, is sufficiently host-specific and was approved for field release in North America. This is the first biological control agent introduced into the United States for control of saltcedar. Published by Elsevier Science (USA).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biological Control Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Test Plants-selection Of Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Consensus Of Larval Tests L2-l6mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host specificity of the leaf beetle, Diorhabda elongata deserticola (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Asia, a biological control agent for saltcedars (Tamarix: Tamaricaceae) in the Western United States

et al. 2003

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“…Research began at Temple, TX, in 1986, with a thorough review of the literature and an analysis assessing the benefits and risks of such a programme (DeLoach et al, 2004). Overseas testing of control agents was then begun under quarantine condition at Temple, TX, in 1992 (see DeLoach et al, 1996) and in Albany, CA, in 1998 (see Lewis et al, 2003a).…”

Section: Description Of the Awpm Programme And Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt cedar areawide pest management in the western USA.

Carruthers

DeLoach²,

Herr³

et al. 2008

Areawide Pest Management: Theory and Implementation

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This chaper describes an areawide pest management (AWPM) approach for salt cedar (Tamarix spp.) in the Western USA. The low beneficial value of salt cedar, its lack of closely related plants in the Western hemisphere and the large number of host-specific and damaging natural enemies that attack it within its native distribution in the Old World, make salt cedar an almost ideal invasive weed for an AWPM programme using biological control as its keystone technology. The development and implementation of education and technology transfer programmes are discussed for the development of the AWPM programme for salt cedar. The implementation of the AWPM programme and its compatibility with crop management and management of co-occurring pests and native species; efficacy at controlling the target pest; unintended negative and positive consequences; and economic benefits are also discussed. Remote sensing results are presented from only a few of over a dozen specific research sites examined. Examples are provided to cover the many different methods that have been used, alongside detailed assessments of aerial photography from Cache Creek (California) of salt cedar density and hyperspectral imagery from Lovelock and Schurz (Nevada) to demonstrate beetle (Diorhabda elongata) establishment, spread and defoliation impact on salt cedar populations. Prospects for the long-term sustainability of the AWPM programme are given.

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