Assessment of Risk Factors Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases in Overweight Women

Abstract

The assessment of anthropometric variables has been shown to be useful as a predictor of cardiovascular risk in overweight and obese patients. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of the relationship between breast volume and body mass index as an indicator of cardiovascular risk in premenopausal women with overweight and mild obesity. A prospective observational study of 93 premenopausal women was performed. Evaluation of anthropometric measures included age, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, breast projection, and ptosis. Cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated using the Framingham cardiovascular risk score, the triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratio and the waist-hip ratio. Ninety-three women were included, with a mean 36.4 ± 7.5 years. Mean BMI was 27.3 ± 1.9 kg/m2, waist-to-Hip ratio was 0.8 ± 0.07, and mammary volume was 1045 ± 657.4 cm3. Mean body fat mass was 30.6 + 3.6% and mean visceral fat was 6.6 + 3.2%. The mean triglycerides to HDL ratio was 1.7 ± 0.8 and waist-to-hip ratio was 0.8 ± 0.07. Breast volume related to body mass index can be used as a predictor of cardiovascular risk in premenopausal women who are overweight and mildly obese.

Relationship between Serum Angiopoietin-like Proteins 3 and 8 and Atherogenic Lipid Biomarkers in Non-Diabetic Adults Depends on Gender and Obesity

“…Sex hormones may also be involved in the mechanisms responsible for weight gain and changes in the accumulation of visceral fat and visceral obesity, which are associated with increased cardiometabolic risk. The differing influence of obesity in women and men on ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL8 concentrations could be explained by differences in body fat distribution as suggested in earlier studies [21,23]. This, however, is an assumption that cannot be borne out by the results of our study, as data on waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio, helpful in the identification of obese subjects at high cardiometabolic risk, were not collected, and accordingly, this is a limitation of this study.…”