Assessment of Risk Factors and Biomarkers Associated With Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Women Consuming a Mediterranean Diet

Abstract

Key Points Question Is the Mediterranean diet (MED) associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in a US population, and, if so, what are the underlying mechanisms? Findings In this cohort study of 25 994 US women, higher baseline MED intake was associated with up to 28% relative risk reduction in CVD events. For the MED-CVD risk reduction, biomarkers of inflammation, glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, and adiposity contributed most to explaining the association. Meaning Higher MED intake was associated with approximately one-fourth relative risk reduction in CVD, which could be explained in part by known risk factors, both traditionally measured and novel ones.

WITHDRAWN: Greater Adherence to Dietary Guidelines Reduces the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study

“…Several studies and meta-analyses [14-16, 33, 34] have consistently shown that high diet quality, as assessed by HEI, AHEI, DASH, and Med score is inversely associated with the risk of CVD incidence in the general population. In the US Women's Health study which included 25,994 women (followed-up for 12 years), the consumption of a diet with a high baseline Med score may reduce the risk of cardiovascular events by one-fourth when comparing the upper (Med score 6-9) and lower (Med score ≤3) after adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors [16]. Similar ndings were seen in 1867 middle-aged men from the Caerphilly Prospective Study, in which diets of the highest quality, as assessed by DASH and AHEI-2010 scores, resulted in a signi cant reduction in the incidence risk of CVD and stroke, but not coronary heart disease, with multivariable adjusted hazard ratios ranging from 0.61 to 0.81 in the highest (vs. lowest) tertiles [14].…”

Dietary Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review

“…In the case of CVD, the MedDiet is associated with clinically meaningful reductions in the risk of developing the main CVD outcomes, including coronary heart disease and stroke [ 72 ]. In a prospective cohort study with 25,994 healthy women from the US Women’s Health Study, Ahmad et al observed an inverse association between the highest MedDiet adherence score and the incidence of CVD compared to the lowest score (HR: 0.72 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.86), p for trend < 0.001) [ 73 ]. Among the health effects observed, MedDiet interventions have shown improvements in body composition by reducing total and segmental fat, which might have an effect on metabolic profile [ 10 ].…”

Greater Adherence to Dietary Guidelines were Associated with Lower Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study

“…Substantial indices have been developed to evaluate integral dietary quality according to various dietary guidelines, as indicated by e.g., the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (MDQI), the alternate Healthy Eating Index (aHEI), and The Dietary Guidelines Index (DGI) [13]. Many studies [14][15][16] have implied that higher overall diet scores signi cantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in general populations, but the evidence regarding the effect of diet quality indices following a diabetes diagnosis on the risk of subsequent incident of CVD is limited, particularly in the Chinese population. It is well known that the diet recommended for diabetic patients varies from that of general healthy populations, therefore it is necessary to explore the dietary patterns which would be a bene t for the prevention of the complications of diabetes mellitus.…”