Assessment of reliability of the hand-held dynamometer for measuring strength in healthy older adults

Richardson, Julie; Stratford, Paul W.; Cripps, Donna

doi:10.3109/09593989809070043

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…By averaging multiple trials, the random error is minimized, thereby increasing measurement reliability [31]. The recording of many trials in busy clinical settings would usually not be feasible [32], therefore the results of this experiment suggest that it is not necessary to perform more than three trials.…”

Section: Within-session Reliabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Improved strength is known to be associated with better functional performance [10,11]. Whilst clinicians sometimes select the highest score out of a number of consecutive trials of HHD to be representative of maximal muscle strength [12,13,14], the average across several consecutive trials has also been reported [15][16][17][18] as the criterion strength measure. Researchers have found that averaged strength scores are better correlated with motor performance than maximal strength scores [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reliability of dynamometry to quantify isometric strength following traumatic brain injury

2008

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To gain a representative measure of isometric strength using HHD in a single session, three trials are recommended. The first is for familiarization and trials 2 and 3 are averaged to provide a typical measure of isometric muscle strength. Further research needs to occur but alternative methods to quantify muscle strength might be needed if repeated measures are to be performed over a 7-day interval.

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Section: Within-session Reliabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of dynamometry to quantify isometric strength following traumatic brain injury

2008

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“…[1][2][3][6][7][8]13,14,17,18,22,23,30,[39][40][41][42][43][44] Bohannon 17 provided a practical review of the literature and information relevant to the use of HHD; in this, he reported that intersession reliability of measurements by a single examiner is typically lower than intrasession reliability, but reliability remains high with only a few exceptions. 2,6,17 The intrarater reliability of HHD has varied based upon the action or muscle tested, means of stabilisation, testing protocol, and duration between sessions.…”

Section: Magnitude Of Reliability Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15,17,27 Studies of strength have shown reliability using HHD over a broad range of patient types, activity levels and age groups. [8][9][10]13,17,23,[28][29][30][31][32] The purpose of this review is to describe the reliability and concurrent validity of HHD. In addition, we will provide evidence tables summarising an exhaustive search of studies that have investigated the reliability and validity of HHD for assessing muscle strength.…”

Section: Hand-held Dynamometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength testing using hand-held dynamometry

Kolber¹,

Cleland²

2005

Physical Therapy Reviews

102

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INTRODUCTIONAssessment of muscle strength is an integral component of the patient examination in physical therapy practice: 1-5 physical therapists are routinely faced with the task of identifying the presence and quantity of muscle weakness. 6,7 It is essential to use reliable and valid methods when quantifying strength; 8 such methods allow clinicians to assess the effectiveness of treatment and make necessary adjustments to their treatment plan. 9,10 Reliable data regarding a patient's muscle strength can assist the therapist in making a differential diagnosis, measuring improvement or deterioration, determining functional impairments, and planning therapeutic measures. The evaluation of muscle strength may be accomplished using a number of tests, ranging from manual muscle testing (MMT) to the use of isokinetic and hand-held dynamometry. 11 The method and type of strength assessment will vary among clinicians and institutions based on issues such as portability, time, cost, and space.First used by Lovett and Martin 12 in 1912, MMT has since been the most widely used method of examining strength. 2,13-16 MMT is based on an ordinal system of grading movement against gravity or examiner resistance. 2,17 MMT is based on the clinician's internal determination of normative strength values for gender, age and activity level. 13,17,18 Reports in the literature have found MMT to be an inadequately precise indication of strength. 2,13,17 Beasley 19 demonstrated in the 1950s that children who had received normal strength grades with MMT were actually at about 50% of normal strength when tested with dynamometry, implying a ceiling effect of MMT grading. In addition to this ceiling effect, 17,18 MMT is unable to detect small changes in strength, particularly with patients who are tested over a long course of treatment, or those who exhibit higher levels of strength such as athletes. 2,20 The relatively imprecise ability of MMT to distinguish between strength in the good-to-normal categories has been reported 13,18 In a study by Hayes et al., 13 the internal rotation strength of symptomatic shoulders were ABSTRACT The reliability of strength measurements obtained during clinical examination has been the subject of many investigations. The need for an accurate, quantitative method to determine strength in multiple settings and environments is important for both examination and treatment. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the existing literature investigating the reliability and concurrent validity of hand-held dynamometry. A thorough review of the literature revealed that held dynamometry is a suitable alternative to traditional manual muscle testing as it exhibits goodto-excellent reliability, provides objective ratio data, and has the portability to be used in multiple environments. Hand-held dynamometry is a reliable method to determine the strength status and change status provided testing protocols are consistent.

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“…In order to gain quantitative results (rather than the qualitative results the Limits of Agreement plots give), raw data, or untransformed data, should be analysed. The SEM [23][24][25][26][27] or the SDD 23,24,26 could be used to quantify the change that needs to be measured to exceed the error of the measurement itself. Although the importance of the SEM for the clinical relevance of results is emphasised in the literature, 25 the SEM was only used in 10 of the analysed studies (15%) to define whether a real clinical change had occurred in a patient (i.e.…”

Section: Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability Research: Towards a More Clinically Relevant Approach

Genderen¹,

Bie²,

Helders³

et al. 2003

Physical Therapy Reviews

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Background and Purpose: Articles on reliability research are published frequently in the international literature. Although clinicians often use the conclusions of such studies to decide whether or not to use a new instrument in clinical practice, we feel that most of these publications are lacking clinical relevance. To confirm this notion, we searched the literature for studies evaluating the reliability of muscle strength and active range of movement measurements. Methods: Sixty-five studies were retrieved and were scored for their design, statistical techniques, and protocol reproducibility. Results: Nearly all studies (97%) were performed under controlled 'laboratory' conditions, using a median of 2 raters and 24.5 subjects. Correlation coefficients were usually used to express the reliability of a measurement, and only 43% of the factors that could affect measurements were adequately described in the study protocols. Discussion and Conclusion: These findings support our assumption. Recommendations for future research are given.

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Assessment of reliability of the hand-held dynamometer for measuring strength in healthy older adults

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Reliability of dynamometry to quantify isometric strength following traumatic brain injury

Reliability of dynamometry to quantify isometric strength following traumatic brain injury

Strength testing using hand-held dynamometry

Reliability Research: Towards a More Clinically Relevant Approach

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