Assessment of Psychosocial Experiences in Childhood: Methodological Issues and Some Illustrative Findings

Sandberg, Seija; Rutter, Michael; Giles, Susan; Owen, Amanda; Champion, Lorna; Nicholls, Jon; Prior, Vivien; McGuinness, David; Drinnan, Douglas

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01096.x

Cited by 59 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These reviews point to evidence that younger and older people's reports of their childhoods are more in accord with those of independent observers than with their parents' reports. The agreement between parents and their children on reports of stressful life events is also weak (Sandberg et al, 1993). One reason for this is that childhood experiences outside of the home may not be known about or shared with parents.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating Memories for False Autobiographical Events in Childhood: A Systematic Review

Brewin

Andrews

2016

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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SummaryUsing a framework that distinguishes autobiographical belief, recollective experience, and confidence in memory, we review three major paradigms used to suggest false childhood events to adults: imagination inflation, false feedback and memory implantation. Imagination inflation and false feedback studies increase the belief that a suggested event occurred by a small amount such that events are still thought unlikely to have happened. In memory implantation studies, some recollective experience for the suggested events is induced on average in 47% of participants, but only in 15% are these experiences likely to be rated as full memories. We conclude that susceptibility to false memories of childhood events appears more limited than has been suggested. The data emphasise the complex judgements involved in distinguishing real from imaginary recollections and caution against accepting investigator‐based ratings as necessarily corresponding to participants' self‐reports. Recommendations are made for presenting the results of these studies in courtroom settings. © 2016 The Authors Applied Cognitive Psychology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating Memories for False Autobiographical Events in Childhood: A Systematic Review

Brewin

Andrews

2016

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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“…In contrast chronic adversities may reflect stable characteristics of the child, their family or the broader social context (e.g., health problems, discrimination). Indeed, Sandberg et al (1993) found that approximately 80% of chronic adversities lasted at least a year in a sample of children referred to psychiatric clinics. Alternatively, the occurrence of chronic adversities may produce long-term changes that increase the child's vulnerability regardless of whether or not the stressor remains present (e.g., parental unemployment results in financial difficulties that persist even after the parent finds a new job).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Psychosocial Assessment of Childhood Experiences: Parent Version (PACE; Glen et al 1993;Sandberg et al 1993) is a standardized investigator-based interview designed to assess life events and chronic adversities experienced by children. This interview was based on the principles of the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule (LEDS; Brown and Harris 1978).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anxious children were obtained from an anxiety disorders outpatient unit and were diagnosed through structured clinical interview. Furthermore, study was confined to severe life events based on evidence suggesting that child psychopathology is chiefly associated with life events carrying high long-term threat (e.g., Eley and Stevenson 2000;Goodyer et al 1988Goodyer et al , 1990Sandberg et al 1993). Determination of events and adversities was made on the basis of a standardized interview that included extensive contextual information, thereby allowing a panel of experts to determine severity independent of the mothers' own ratings.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Severe Life Events and Chronic Adversities as Antecedents to Anxiety in Children: A Matched Control Study

Allen

Rapee

Sandberg

2008

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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The present study compared the number of severe life events and chronic adversities as reported retrospectively by mothers of children with an anxiety disorder (n=39) prior to the onset of their most recent episode, with controls (n=39) matched for age and sex. The parent version of the Psychosocial Assessment of Childhood Experiences (PACE) was used to assess chronic adversities (long-term experiences with negative impact on child) and severe life events (discrete life events with high long-term threat). A significantly greater number of severe life events and chronic adversities were assessed prior to onset for anxious children compared to controls. The finding for severe life events held regardless of whether impact ratings were assigned by mothers or a panel of independent raters, suggesting the findings reflect actual as opposed to perceived differences. Results suggest that both discrete and chronic stressors may constitute risk for future episodes of anxiety in children.

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“…The majority of these (up to 80%) last at least a year. 15 The present analyses were based on children with low to moderate chronic stress (up to three highly negative long term experiences).…”

Section: Measurement Of Chronic Stress (Long Term Experiences)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The eosinophil in airway remodelling and hyperresponsiveness in asthma: participant or bystander?

Soth

2004

Thorax

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Background: A recent prospective study of children with asthma employing a within subject, over time analysis using dynamic logistic regression showed that severely negative life events significantly increased the risk of an acute exacerbation during the subsequent 6 week period. The timing of the maximum risk depended on the degree of chronic psychosocial stress also present. A hierarchical Cox regression analysis was undertaken to examine whether there were any immediate effects of negative life events in children without a background of high chronic stress. Methods: Sixty children with verified chronic asthma were followed prospectively for 18 months with continuous monitoring of asthma by daily symptom diaries and peak flow measurements, accompanied by repeated interview assessments of life events. The key outcome measures were asthma exacerbations and severely negative life events. Results: An immediate effect evident within the first 2 days following a severely negative life event increased the risk of a new asthma attack by a factor of 4.69 (p = 0.00). In the period 3-10 days after a severe event there was no increased risk of an asthma attack (p = 0.5). In addition to the immediate effect, an increased risk of 1.81 was found 5-7 weeks after a severe event (p = 0.002). This is consistent with earlier findings. There was a statistically significant variation due to unobserved factors in the incidence of asthma attacks between the children. Conclusion: The use of statistical methods capable of investigating short time lags showed that stressful life events significantly increase the risk of a new asthma attack immediately after the event; a more delayed increase in risk was also evident 5-7 weeks later.

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Assessment of Psychosocial Experiences in Childhood: Methodological Issues and Some Illustrative Findings

Cited by 59 publications

References 19 publications

Creating Memories for False Autobiographical Events in Childhood: A Systematic Review

Creating Memories for False Autobiographical Events in Childhood: A Systematic Review

Severe Life Events and Chronic Adversities as Antecedents to Anxiety in Children: A Matched Control Study

The eosinophil in airway remodelling and hyperresponsiveness in asthma: participant or bystander?

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