Assessment of prevalence of tobacco consumption among psychiatric inmates residing in Central Jail, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India: A cross-sectional survey

Torwane, Nilesh Arjun; Hongal, Sudheer; Sahu, RN; Saxena, Vrinda; Chandrashekhar, BR

doi:10.4103/0972-6748.132937

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In addition to being a woman and having a history of mental illness, smoking and drug use were also risk factors for depression, increasing the odds by 89% and 77%, respectively, and for anxiety, by 59% and 49%. Another study in India comparing 122 psychiatric prisoners with 122 non-psychiatric prisoners also confirmed a 21% increase in smoking among those who had some mental illness 29 . Concerning anxiety, a survey of 649 prisoners in Ethiopia found that smoking increased 2.6 times the probability of having the disorder 22 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Prevalence and associated factors with depression and anxiety in prisoners in South of Brazil

Costa

Sassi

Tímbola

et al. 2020

Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (São Paulo)

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Background: Brazil has the third largest prison population in the world. Research in the world has confirmed a high prevalence of mental disorders in this population. Objective: To identify prevalence and associated factors with depression and anxiety in prisoners of the closed prison system. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 643 prisoners were interviewed in six prisons in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. To evaluate depression and anxiety, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0 (MINI) was used and sociodemographic, inprisonment and lifestyle habits variables were also collected. Results: The prevalence of depression found in the study was 20.6% (95% CI: 17.5-23.8) and of anxiety was 19.9% (95% CI: 16.8-23.0). The following were identified as risk factors for depression: being female, having a history of mental illness, non-white skin color, having a religion, not receiving visits, smoking, using drugs and not performing physical activities. Risk factors for anxiety were: being female, having a history of mental illness, a family history of mental illness, smoking and using drugs. Discussion: The study confirmed the high rates of depression and anxiety in the population deprived of liberty. In addition, women were twice as likely to have both disorders compared to men.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…A total of 643 (77%) inmates participated in the study, distributed as follows: Rio Grande (243), Pelotas (233), Camaquã (93), Canguçu (29), Jaguarão (23) and Santa Vitória do Palmar (22). There were 188 (22.5%) refusals and four (0.5%) losses during the interviews.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and associated factors with depression and anxiety in prisoners in South of Brazil

Costa

Sassi

Tímbola

et al. 2020

Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (São Paulo)

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“…Torwane et al 27 Madhya Pradesh, India  57% of the inmates had depression.  48% had psychotic disorders.…”

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confidence: 97%

A review on prisoners health: a neglected group

Mareeswaran¹,

Goplakrishnan²,

Faizal³

2019

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Crime is a man-made concept. Crime and its relation to various socio-demographic factors has been subject of debate since time immemorial. Crime is wide spread, diverse in nature and increasing in frequency. The rate of crime is steadily increasing day by day all over the world, India being no exception.Crime and its relation to various socio demographic and economic factors determine the nature of crime. In the age old times punishment was harsh and cruel; the punishments were exiling, enslaving, torturing, mutilating, and execution. The jails, lockups, and detention centres of various kinds have been in existence for thousands of years. But, only 200 years ago these places were used for detention for offenders. Various articles and studies had been reviewed in this study to gain the knowledge about the general health and mental health about the prisoners. The mental and general health problems among the inmates were highly prevalent when compared to general population.

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Smoking in Correctional Settings Worldwide: Prevalence, Bans, and Interventions

Spaulding

Eldridge

Chico

et al. 2018

Epidemiologic Reviews

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Smoking tobacco contributes to 11.5% of deaths worldwide and, in some countries, more hospitalizations than alcohol and drugs combined. Globally in 2015, 25% of men and 5% of women smoked. In the United States, a higher proportion of people in prison smoke than do community-dwelling individuals. To determine smoking prevalence in prisons worldwide, we systematically reviewed the literature using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines; we also examined whether prisons banned smoking or treated smokers. We searched databases for articles published between 2012 and 2016 and located 85 relevant articles with data representing 73.5% of all incarcerated persons from 50 countries. In 35 of 36 nations (97%) with published prevalence data, smoking for the incarcerated exceeded community rates 1.04- to 62.6-fold. Taking a conservative estimate of a 2-fold increase, we estimated that, globally, 14.5 million male and 26,000 female smokers pass through prisons annually. Prison authorities’ responses include permitting, prohibiting, or treating tobacco use. Bans may temporarily improve health and reduce in-prison health care costs but have negligible effect after prison release. Evidence-based interventions for smoking cessation effective outside prisons are effective inside; effects persist after release. Because smoking prevalence is heightened in prisons, offering evidence-based interventions to nearly 15 million smokers passing through yearly would improve global health.

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Assessment of prevalence of tobacco consumption among psychiatric inmates residing in Central Jail, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India: A cross-sectional survey

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Prevalence and associated factors with depression and anxiety in prisoners in South of Brazil

Prevalence and associated factors with depression and anxiety in prisoners in South of Brazil

A review on prisoners health: a neglected group

Smoking in Correctional Settings Worldwide: Prevalence, Bans, and Interventions

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