Assessment of Prebiotics and Probiotics

Characterization of goat milk and potentially symbiotic non-fat yogurt

“…Prebiotic substances, defined as non-digestible nutritional ingredients, affect the host in a positive way by selective stimulation of colon bacteria´s growth and/or activity (Anadón et al, 2010). Inulin is one of them (Kip et al, 2006).…”

Probiotics

“…Probiotics are readily available to consumers and are commonly found as food probiotics (e.g., yogurts, cheeses, milk-based beverages, fermented fish, meats, and vegetables, among others) and as food supplement probiotics (e.g., tablets, capsules, pills, powders, liquid concentrates in vials, and soft gels, among others) (Anadón et al, 2010(Anadón et al, , 2016. Although probiotics can technically be any type of beneficial microorganism, certain bacteria are more commonly found on the food market.…”

“…Both are inhabitants of GI flora of humans and animals, with the Lactobacilli believed to be important for small intestine functionality and Bifidobacteria for colon functionality (Lee and O'Sullivan, 2010;Anadón et al, 2010Anadón et al, , 2016. For this reason, Bifidobacteria are often included in the LAB, but because the LAB are a taxonomic group of genetically similar bacteria, the Bifidobacteria cannot be included from a taxonomic point of view.…”

“…A microorganism would not necessarily be considered a potential pathogen where there are infrequent reports of clinical isolates from severely ill people (EFSA, 2005b;Anadón et al, 2010). The scheme aims to have consistent generic safety assessment of microorganisms through the food chain without compromising safety standards.…”

Probiotic Supplements and Food Products: A Comparative Approach

“…Using microorganism as health improver has been increased since the mid-nineteenth century, and probiotics have been well assessed in both clinical and food trials and other prospective studies [3][4][5]. The main commercial probiotic species used in food and drug technologies are presented in Table 1.…”