Assessment of Pre-Harvest Physiological Infiltration Methods for Predicting Commercial Bitter Pit in 'Braeburn' and 'Golden Delicious'

Lotze, Elm.; Theron, Karen I.; Joubert, J.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2010.868.46

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, when we analyzed the 2009 and 2010 seasons separately, the best correlation was also observed at 20 dbh. Other researchers have obtained good linear correlations between BPLS at pre-harvest up to 20 dbh and the BPAS (Eksteen et al, 1977;Lotze et al, 2010). Nevertheless, from our data, it can be observed that both the ET and PS methods at 20 dbh produced non-significant linear correlations with BPAS in one of the seasons (2011), whereas at 40 dbh, the linear correlations were always statistically significant in the three seasons and regardless of the method used.…”

Section: Accuracy Of the Predictions In Relation To Sampling Timecontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…2). Other researchers (Burmeister and Dilley, 1991;Lotze et al, 2010) have previously observed that beyond 10 days after Mg infiltration or ethylene treatment, bitter pit-like symptoms tended not to increase. Nevertheless, the recommendation made by packing houses in Chile involved performing evaluations 16 days after Mg infiltrations (Valeria Lepe and Jose Antonio Yuri, personal communication).…”

Section: Development Of Bitter Pit-like Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Ethylene plays an essential role in regulating the ripening process of climacteric fruit (Recasens et al, 2004) and is also known to enhance the expression of bitter pit-like symptoms in apples (Eksteen et al, 1977). Two ethylene-related methods were studied by Eksteen et al in South Africa during the 1970s (Eksteen et al, 1977Lotze and Theron, 2006;Lotze et al, 2010): the Ginsburg method, in which apples were treated with 1% of acetylene gas, and the Bangerth method, in which they were immersed in a water solution containing 0.2% ethephon. The results obtained showed that the Ginsburg method tended to be less accurate in the majority of cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results obtained showed that the Ginsburg method tended to be less accurate in the majority of cases. Lotze et al (2010) compared the effectiveness and accuracy of the Mg infiltration and the Bangerth method to predict the incidence of bitter pit in 'Golden Delicious' and 'Braeburn' apples in South Africa, with the Bangerth method proving more effective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Induction of symptoms pre-harvest using the ‘passive method’: An easy way to predict bitter pit

Torres

Recasens

Peris

et al. 2015

Postharvest Biology and Technology

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A B S T R A C TAn effective method for predicting bitter pit incidence implemented before harvest could be a useful instrument for both the fruit industry and growers. Between 2009 and 2011, various methods for the prediction of bitter pit were evaluated at 60, 40, and 20 days before harvest (dbh) and at a commercial harvest in 'Golden Smoothee' apples. Four methodologies, two new ones (the development of natural bitter pit before harvest through the 'passive method' and bagging detached fruit before commercial ripening), and two of known efficacy under other conditions (infiltration with magnesium salts and maturity enhancement with ethephon dips) were assessed. To estimate the predictive accuracy of each method, bitter pit-like symptoms were related to the postharvest presence of bitter pit. The 'passive method' assesses bitter pit-like symptoms that appear naturally in fruit once they are picked from the tree, and left at room temperature during its evaluation. The 'passive method', as well as the infiltration with magnesium salts and ethephon dips, recognized bitter pit-like symptoms approximately 5-7 days after sampling (at 40 dbh) and showed significant correlation with the incidence of bitter pit after three months of cold storage. The 'passive' and 'ethephon' methods were also validated over two additional seasons in 30 and 16 different orchards, respectively. The results of these validations supported the efficacy of using the 'passive method' as the main method for predicting bitter pit, without having to use either reactive products or specialized equipment.

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Section: Accuracy Of the Predictions In Relation To Sampling Timecontrasting

confidence: 60%

Section: Development Of Bitter Pit-like Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Induction of symptoms pre-harvest using the ‘passive method’: An easy way to predict bitter pit

Torres

Recasens

Peris

et al. 2015

Postharvest Biology and Technology

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show abstract

“…For 'Royal Galaʼ apples, a better prediction method was immersion into ethephon solution (Sestari et al, 2009b). This was also advocated by Lötze et al (2010), who concluded that Bangerth´s (1970) method was more effective in predicting bitter pit incidence in 'Braeburn' and 'Golden delicious' apples than Mg infiltration. Bangerth´s method implies that fruits are picked 14 day before expected harvest date and immersed in a water solution containing 0.2% ethephon (Bangerth, 1970;Lötze, 2005).…”

Section: Storage Of Fruitsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Bitter pit in apples: pre- and postharvest factors: A review

Jemrić

Fruk

et al. 2017

Span. j. agric. res.

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Bitter pit is a physiological disorder that significantly reduces the quality of apples. Although it has been detected since the beginning of the last century, still there is little known about the mechanism of its occurrence. According to numerous studies, bitter pit is formed as a result of calcium deficiency in the fruit. Some authors cite the high concentration of gibberellins, later in the production season, most probably caused by excessive activity of the roots, as the chief causative factor. Beside Ca, there are several factors that can also contribute to its development, like imbalance among some mineral elements (N, P, K and Mg), cultivar, rootstock, the ratio of vegetative and generative growth, post-harvest treatments and the storage methods. There are some prediction models available that can estimate the risk of bitter pit in apples, but even those are not always reliable. The aim of this review was to encompass the pre and postharvest factors which cause bitter pit and point out the directions for solving this problem.

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Factors Involved in Fruit Calcium Deficiency Disorders

Freitas

Mitcham

2012

Horticultural Reviews

120

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Understanding the mechanisms of calcium (Ca 2þ ) deficiency disorder development in plants has been a challenge for more than a 100 years. Previous studies support the hypothesis that Ca 2þ deficiency disorders can be triggered by mechanisms that reduce plant Ca 2þ uptake from the soil, fruit Ca 2þ uptake from the plant, and Ca 2þ translocation within the fruit, and also result in abnormal regulation of cellular Ca 2þ partitioning. Plant Ca 2þ uptake can be determined by Ca 2þ content and availability in the soil, root growth, activity of apoplastic and symplastic pathways of root Ca 2þ uptake, as well as uptake competition between Ca 2þ and other nutrients. Fruit Ca 2þ uptake is determined by Ca 2þ content in the xylem sap, and xylem/phloem ratio of fruit sap uptake, which is affected by the rates of leaf and fruit transpiration and growth. Calcium translocation to distal fruit tissue, containing the lowest fruit Ca 2þ content and the highest susceptibility to Ca 2þ deficiency disorders, is potentially dependent on the cell wall Ca 2þ -binding capacity and symplastic Ca 2þ uptake by the tissue at the peduncle end of the fruit, abundance of functional xylem vessels connecting peduncle and distal fruit tissues, as well as the hydrostatic gradient required for Ca 2þ translocation towards the distal tissue. Cellular Ca 2þ partitioning is defined by the activity of Ca 2þ channels, Ca 2þ ATPases, and Ca 2þ exchangers present in cellular membranes, as well as the capacity of the cell wall to bind Ca 2þ , and the formation of Ca 2þ precipitates in different cellular compartments. Therefore,

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Assessment of Pre-Harvest Physiological Infiltration Methods for Predicting Commercial Bitter Pit in 'Braeburn' and 'Golden Delicious'

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Induction of symptoms pre-harvest using the ‘passive method’: An easy way to predict bitter pit

Induction of symptoms pre-harvest using the ‘passive method’: An easy way to predict bitter pit

Bitter pit in apples: pre- and postharvest factors: A review

Factors Involved in Fruit Calcium Deficiency Disorders

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