Assessment of potential dermal and inhalation exposure of workers to the insecticide imidacloprid using whole-body dosimetry in China

Cao, Lidong; Chen, Bin; Zheng, Li; Wang, Dongwei; Liu, Feng; Huang, Qiliang

doi:10.1016/j.jes.2014.07.018

Cited by 44 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…At the senescence growth stage, while walking forwards, the lower limbs accounted for 52% of total PDE, the upper limbs for 29%, the trunk for 17%, and the head for 2%; the corresponding values while walking backwards were 68% (lower limbs), 14% (upper limbs), 16% (trunk), and 2% (head). All these data are consistent with the results of the cited research of Tuomanien et al [32] on roses and Cao et al [37] on wheat. Moreover, the operator's right side (arm, hand, leg, and foot) was more exposed than the left side while he walked forwards (50% vs. 30%); the opposite happened while he walked backwards (29% vs. 53%).…”

Section: Tests On Tomato Plants: Effects Of Walking Direction and Plasupporting

confidence: 92%

Operator Dermal Exposure to Pesticides in Tomato and Strawberry Greenhouses from Hand-Held Sprayers

et al. 2018

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Protection of greenhouse crops in southern Italy usually requires 15-20 phytosanitary treatments per year, with volume rates in the range of 1000-2000 L ha −1 , depending on the plant growth stage. The most widespread sprayers are hand-held, high-pressure devices, which may expose operators to high levels of pesticides. This paper, also with the aim to lead toward a more sustainable use of greenhouses in agricultural productions, including some aspects of workers' safety, reports the results of experimental tests aimed at measuring the amount of the mixture deposited on the worker's body (potential dermal exposure, PDE) during pesticide applications to tomato and strawberry plants in a protected environment. Experimental tests on tomatoes were carried out taking into account two plant growth stages (flowering and senescence), two types of spray lance, two working pressures (1 and 2 MPa), and two walking directions (forwards and backwards). Those on the strawberries were carried out at the maturity of the fruit growth stage, comparing two hand-held sprayers (a standard spray gun and a short hand-held spray boom equipped with two nozzles) and working according to the common practice: forwards movement of the operator and high pressure (2 MPa). The results showed that with the tomato plants, the most important factor in reducing the deposit on the operator was the walking direction: on average, the PDE was 718 mL per 1000 L of the sprayed mixture (0.72 ) while walking forwards and 133 mL (0.13 ) while walking backwards. The reduction factor ranged from 3.0 at the flowering growth stage to 7.2 at the senescence growth stage. With respect to the strawberry plants, the PDE was significantly higher when the operator used the short hand-held spray boom (887 mL per 1000 L of the sprayed mixture, equivalent to 0.89 ), rather than the spray gun (344 mL, 0.34 ). In both cases, the most exposed body parts were the lower limbs, which accounted for 89-94% of the total PDE.

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Section: Tests On Tomato Plants: Effects Of Walking Direction and Plasupporting

confidence: 92%

Operator Dermal Exposure to Pesticides in Tomato and Strawberry Greenhouses from Hand-Held Sprayers

et al. 2018

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“…Therefore, studies that assess pesticide exposure calculations among workers in the field, although very important, are currently lacking. To this end, methods for calculating workers' exposure levels include both patch and whole‐body dosimetry (WBD) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of dermal and inhalation exposure to chlorantraniliprole assessed by using whole‐body dosimetry in Korea

Noh

Lee²,

Park

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND We determined the characteristics and evaluated associated risks of sprayed pesticide exposure among workers cultivating Korean cabbage. The test pesticide, a mixture of 3% chlorantraniliprole and 4% indoxacarb wettable granules diluted 2000 times, was sprayed on Korean cabbage within a 3000 m2 area in Goesan, Korea. Dermal exposures were measured using a whole‐body dosimetry method. RESULTS Exposure to chlorantraniliprole was observed among ten individuals, ranging from 140.4 to 4234.0 µg person−1. The legs were the most prominent exposure area (86.35%), with the face being the least exposed (0.06%). Exposure risk was assessed by calculating the margin of safety (MOS) on the exposure amount for each body part. The MOS based on dermal and inhalation exposure doses ranged from 59 to 1765. CONCLUSION Exposure was the greatest for the legs, probably as a result of the low height of the crop and the use of a long‐wand sprayer. An MOS value >1 indicates a low risk for applicators using this method of application. However, with tall crops, exposure level and MOS values can vary widely, as MOS increases or decreases based on exposure dose. Therefore, future research is needed to better understand appropriate safety precautions when working with potent pesticides. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…피부노출 측정은 주 로 패치법(patch)을 사용해 왔으며 (Chester, 1993;Fenske, 1993;Soutar et al, 2000;Chester, 2010;Farahat et al, 2010;Wassie et al, 2012;Behroozy, 2013;Abukari, 2015;An et al, 2015;Zhao et al, 2015) 대부분의 국내 노출 연 구 또한 패치법을 주로 이용하였다 (Liu, 2003;Kang et al, 2004;Choi et al, 2006; a ; Kim et al, 2012 a,b ;Choi and Moon, 2013;Kim et al, 2013;Choi, 2014). 패치법은 사용하기 편리하고 경제적 이지만 작은 면적의 패치를 실제 체표면적으로 외삽하는 과 정에서 과대, 과소평가되는 경향이 있고, 실제 작업복과 재 질 차이로 인하여 농약의 흡착 정도가 달라 정확한 노출량 을 측정하기 어려운 단점이 있다 (Franklin et al, 1981;Fenske, 1990;Niven et al, 1993;Tannahill et al, 1996;Cao et al, 2015). 이를 보완하기 위하여 전신복장노출법 (Whole Body Dosimetry; WBD)을 사용하여 피부노출량을 측정하는데, 이 방법은 전신작업복을 입고 작업을 수행한 후, 작업복 전체를 추출, 분석하기 때문에 전신작업복의 사 용, 비교적 장시간의 노출 시료 채취 과정, 분석시 용매의 다량 소비 등 패치법과 비교하여 상대적으로 불편하고 비경 제적이지만, 노출량의 외삽 과정 없이 실제 피부노출량을 현실적으로 측정할 수 있다 (Chester 1993;Fenske, 1993;OECD, 1997;Castro Cano et al, 2000;Machera et al, 2003;Hughes et al, 2006;Hughes et al, 2008;LesmesFabian et al, 2012;Gao et al, 2013;Grobkopf et al, 2013;An et al, 2014;Abukari, 2015;Cao et al, 2015).…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

“…패치법은 사용하기 편리하고 경제적 이지만 작은 면적의 패치를 실제 체표면적으로 외삽하는 과 정에서 과대, 과소평가되는 경향이 있고, 실제 작업복과 재 질 차이로 인하여 농약의 흡착 정도가 달라 정확한 노출량 을 측정하기 어려운 단점이 있다 (Franklin et al, 1981;Fenske, 1990;Niven et al, 1993;Tannahill et al, 1996;Cao et al, 2015). 이를 보완하기 위하여 전신복장노출법 (Whole Body Dosimetry; WBD)을 사용하여 피부노출량을 측정하는데, 이 방법은 전신작업복을 입고 작업을 수행한 후, 작업복 전체를 추출, 분석하기 때문에 전신작업복의 사 용, 비교적 장시간의 노출 시료 채취 과정, 분석시 용매의 다량 소비 등 패치법과 비교하여 상대적으로 불편하고 비경 제적이지만, 노출량의 외삽 과정 없이 실제 피부노출량을 현실적으로 측정할 수 있다 (Chester 1993;Fenske, 1993;OECD, 1997;Castro Cano et al, 2000;Machera et al, 2003;Hughes et al, 2006;Hughes et al, 2008;LesmesFabian et al, 2012;Gao et al, 2013;Grobkopf et al, 2013;An et al, 2014;Abukari, 2015;Cao et al, 2015). 최 근, 국내에서도 전신복장노출법을 이용하여 수박 시설재배 시 농작업자의 피부노출량을 측정한 논문이 보고되었으며 , 전신작업복 속에 내복을 입고 내복의 농 약 오염량까지 측정한 연구도 보고되었다 (Grobkopf et al, 2013;An et al, 2014;Kim et al, 2014).…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

“…농작업자의 호흡노출량 측정은 일반적으로 XAD-2 등의 고체흡착제를 개인용 공기펌프에 연결하거나 (Farewell et al, 1977;Johnson et al, 1977;Lewis and Jackson, 1982;Billing and Bidleman, 1983;Williams et al, 1986;Leidy and Wright, 1991;Wright et al, 1993;Lu and Fenske, 1998;Machera et al, 2003;Byoun et al, 2005;Choi et al, 2006;Farahat et al, 2010;Kim et al, a,b , 2012Dalvie et al, 2014;An et al, 2014;Cao et al, 2015), 고체 흡착제 앞에 유리섬유여과지를 연결하여 사용하였다 a,b , Kim et al, 2012Choi and Moon., 2013;Moon et al, 2013;Zhao et al, 2015 (Katinka et al, 2004;Grobkopf et al, 2013;Kim et al, 2014) (Fig. 1).…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

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Evaluation for Application of IOM Sampler for Agricultural Farmer's Inhalation Exposure to Kresoxim-methyl and Fenthion

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Lee³

et al. 2015

The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science

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An IOM sampler equipped with glass fiber filter has been recently utilized instead of solid adsorbent, which was used to measure the inhalation exposure of agricultural operator to pesticides. The aim of this study is to validate the efficacy of an IOM sampler by measuring the trapping efficiency and breakthrough using kresoxim-methyl water-dispersible granule and fenthion emulsifiable concentrate. On LC-MS/MS, minimum detection level was 12.5 pg and method limit of detection was 5.0 ng/mL. Good linearity (R 2 > 0.999) for matrix matched standards was obtained. Recoveries of pesticides from glass fiber filter were 102-109% (kresoxim-methyl) and 97-104% (fenthion) while those from XAD-2 resin were 94-98% (kresoxim methyl) and 93-100% (fenthion). Trapping efficiency test was performed with personal air pumps and IOM sampler (glass fiber filter) connected with solid adsorbent (XAD-2 resin) with two types of formulation (solid and liquid) which were diluted by standard rate and sprayed to IOM sampler. Those pesticides were trapped only in glass fiber filter without any breakthrough to solid adsorbent. After spiking of pesticides to glass fiber filter, breakthrough test was carried out with IOM sampler (glass fiber filter) which was connected with solid adsorbent. As a results, 87-101% of kresoxim-methyl and 96-105% of fenthion remained in spiked glass fiber filter, however, no pesticides were detected in second glass fiber filter and solid adsorbent. In conclusion, IOM sampler which equipped with glass fiber filter can be applied widely for pesticide inhalation exposure study since it has good trapping efficiency and adsorption capacity, regardless of the solid or liquid formulation.

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Assessment of potential dermal and inhalation exposure of workers to the insecticide imidacloprid using whole-body dosimetry in China

Cited by 44 publications

References 13 publications

Operator Dermal Exposure to Pesticides in Tomato and Strawberry Greenhouses from Hand-Held Sprayers

Operator Dermal Exposure to Pesticides in Tomato and Strawberry Greenhouses from Hand-Held Sprayers

Risk of dermal and inhalation exposure to chlorantraniliprole assessed by using whole‐body dosimetry in Korea

Evaluation for Application of IOM Sampler for Agricultural Farmer's Inhalation Exposure to Kresoxim-methyl and Fenthion

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