Assessment of Posttraumatic Symptoms in Children: Development and Preliminary Validation of Parent and Child Scales

Greenwald, Ricky; Rubin, Allen

doi:10.1177/104973159900900105

Cited by 210 publications

(225 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The accepted survey response rate for a single mail-out to a large sample size is 15% to 30%. 5,[20][21][22][23][24] The survey instrument in this study was 1975 words in total, due to the large volume of information that was sought. While it is acknowledged that the size of the survey may result in a lower response rate, the investigators sought to collect comprehensive data to allow multiple factors to be analyzed in the statistical evaluation of factors possibly associated with golf-related injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Golf-related lower back injuries: an epidemiological survey

McHardy

Pollard²,

Luo

2007

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine

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Objective: This study describes the playing characteristics of golfers who had an injury to their lower back in the course of play or practice in the previous year (12 months). Methods: A retrospective survey was mailed to members of randomly selected golf clubs across Australia. Statistical methods used included 2-sample t test to compare means of 2 independent populations and the v 2 test to examine the association between categorical variables/factors in the study. Results: Of 1634 Australian amateur golfers surveyed, 17.6% of golfers sustained at least 1 injury in the previous year. The lower back accounted for 25% of all golf-related injuries in the previous year, making the lower back the most common site of injury. The golfer with a golfrelated lower back injury was likely to have a previous history of lower back injury, while the injury had a progressive onset compared with an acute single onset. The follow-through phase of the golf swing was reported to be associated with the greatest likelihood of injury compared with other phases of the swing. Most of the injured golfers received treatment of their injury with a general practitioner (69%), a physiotherapist (49%), or a chiropractor (40%). Conclusion: Practitioners treating golfers with a history of lower back injury should evaluate the golf swing follow-through to identify potential causes of aggravation to the lower back. Targeted measures such as spinal manipulative therapy, soft tissue and back exercise, and conditioning programs to assist the strength and mobility of the golfer could then be implemented.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Golf-related lower back injuries: an epidemiological survey

McHardy

Pollard²,

Luo

2007

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine

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“…The Swedish translation of the life incidence of traumatic events (LITE) [13,18,19] was used. LITE is a short checklist about experience of traumatic events and consists of 15 fixed items and one optional (see Table 2).…”

Section: J Measures Traumatic Event Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Polytraumatization and psychological symptoms in children and adolescents

Gustafsson

Nilsson

Svedin

2009

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

102

106

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Previous research on the impact of traumatic experiences in children and adolescents has focused almost entirely on the effect of single trauma. Research on cumulative traumas has been lacking, but Finkelhor (Child Abuse Negl 31:7–26, 2007) has recently directed the attention to the concept of polyvictimization. As an extension of this concept, this study examined the impact of polytraumatization, operationalized as the number of different potentially traumatic events. The study population comprised two cross-sectional samples of school-aged children (n = 270) and adolescents (n = 400). Information of life-time incidence of traumatic events was collected by the life incidence of traumatic events (LITE), and psychological symptoms by the parent version of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) for the school children and the self-report trauma symptom checklist for children (TSCC) for the adolescents. We found that exposure to at least one traumatic event was common in both the samples (63% of the children and 89.5% of the adolescents). The number of different traumatic events, polytraumatization, was highly predictive of symptoms in both samples, and with a few exceptions surpassed the impact of specific events in exploratory analyses. We furthermore replicated previous findings of the important impact of interpersonal over non-interpersonal events on symptoms in both samples, and found an indication that this effect differed by gender in different manners in the two samples. This study emphasizes the significance of both the quantity of traumatic events, polytraumatization, as well as the quality, interpersonal events

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“…More comprehensive childhood adversity measures exist but may not reflect inner-city youth experiences, as these measures were designed from interviews with mostly white, middle to upper middle class youth from rural and suburban communities. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Measuring adverse experiences is important for urban economically distressed children, who, in addition to experiencing poverty as an adversity, may be subjected to the experiences of abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction, along with a host of other stressors, including community violence, discrimination, and peer victimization. 9,37 The large percentage of racial minorities comprising low-income urban populations makes having an understanding of cultural norms key to conceptualizing adversity in these communities.…”

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confidence: 99%

Adverse Childhood Experiences of Low-Income Urban Youth

Wade¹,

et al. 2014

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Current assessments of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may not adequately encompass the breadth of adversity to which low-income urban children are exposed. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize the range of adverse childhood experiences faced by young adults who grew up in a low-income urban area. METHODS: Focus groups were conducted with young adults who grew up in low-income Philadelphia neighborhoods. Using the nominal group technique, participants generated a list of adverse childhood experiences and then identified the 5 most stressful experiences on the group list. The most stressful experiences identified by participants were grouped into a ranked list of domains and subdomains. RESULTS: Participants identified a range of experiences, grouped into 10 domains: family relationships, community stressors, personal victimization, economic hardship, peer relationships, discrimination, school, health, child welfare/juvenile justice, and media/technology. Included in these domains were many but not all of the experiences from the initial ACEs studies; parental divorce/separation and mental illness were absent. Additional experiences not included in the initial ACEs but endorsed by our participants included single-parent homes; exposure to violence, adult themes, and criminal behavior; personal victimization; bullying; economic hardship; and discrimination. CONCLUSIONS: Gathering youth perspectives on childhood adversity broadens our understanding of the experience of stress and trauma in childhood. Future work is needed to determine the significance of this broader set of adverse experiences in predisposing children to poor health outcomes as adults.

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Assessment of Posttraumatic Symptoms in Children: Development and Preliminary Validation of Parent and Child Scales

Cited by 210 publications

References 11 publications

Golf-related lower back injuries: an epidemiological survey

Golf-related lower back injuries: an epidemiological survey

Polytraumatization and psychological symptoms in children and adolescents

Adverse Childhood Experiences of Low-Income Urban Youth

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