Assessment of Pollution and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Particulate Matter and Road Dust Along the Road Network of Dhanbad, India

Kumari, Shweta; Jain, Manish Kumar; Elumalai, Suresh Pandian

doi:10.5696/2156-9614-11.29.210305

Cited by 41 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…In addition, the kiln from which our samples were collected is located near the Araniko Highway, a major roadway through Bhaktapur. Vehicle exhaust is a source of several metals that we found in ambient air, as well as in participant homes, including Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn [52][53][54]. Tire fading and brake wear may be responsible for Zn and Cd, and Cu and Zn, respectively [52,55], although Cd concentrations were below the LDL for all samples in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Chemical Composition of PM2.5 in Wood Fire and LPG Cookstove Homes of Nepali Brick Workers

et al. 2021

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Household air pollution is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, largely due to particles ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5). The toxicity of PM2.5, however, depends on its physical properties and chemical composition. In this cross-sectional study, we compared the chemical composition of PM2.5 in brick workers’ homes (n = 16) based on use of wood cooking fire or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cookstoves. We collected samples using RTI International particulate matter (PM) exposure monitors (MicroPEMs). We analyzed filters for 33 elements using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence and, for black (BC) and brown carbon (BrC), integrating sphere optical transmittance. Wood fire homes had significantly higher concentrations of BC (349 µg/m3) than LPG homes (6.27 µg/m3, p < 0.0001) or outdoor air (5.36 µg/m3, p = 0.002). Indoor chlorine in wood fire homes averaged 5.86 µg/m3, which was approximately 34 times the average level in LPG homes (0.17 µg/m3, p = 0.0006). Similarly, potassium in wood fire homes (4.17 µg/m3) was approximately four times the level in LPG homes (0.98 µg/m3, p = 0.001). In all locations, we found aluminum, calcium, copper, iron, silicon, and titanium in concentrations exceeding those shown to cause respiratory effects in other studies. Our findings suggest the need for multi-faceted interventions to improve air quality for brick workers in Nepal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Chemical Composition of PM2.5 in Wood Fire and LPG Cookstove Homes of Nepali Brick Workers

et al. 2021

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“…In addition, we saw little evidence of vehicle emissions in outdoor air. Specifically, Cr, Cu, and Ni, which are commonly associated with vehicle emissions [46,49,50], all measured below the LDLs in outdoor samples. One exception to this is Pb, which we detected in outdoor but not indoor samples.…”

Section: Pm25 Chemical Componentsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…One exception to this is Pb, which we detected in outdoor but not indoor samples. Pb can be an indicator of vehicle exhaust, but it can also be produced from coal combustion and garbage burning [49,51]. Additional monitoring over extended periods of time is needed to more fully understand indoor and outdoor pollution sources in remote Himalayan villages.…”

Section: Pm25 Chemical Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PM2.5 Pollution Levels and Chemical Components at Teahouses along the Poon Hill Trek in Nepal

et al. 2022

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Unhealthy levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from the local burning of solid fuels, and from regional transport of pollutants, remain a major public health problem in the Himalayan foothill villages in Nepal. Teahouses (i.e., mountain lodges) along popular hiking trails in the lower Himalayas commonly use wood as the primary energy source for heating; however, little is known about teahouse air quality. The purpose of this study was to characterize the levels and chemical constituents of indoor and ambient PM2.5 at three villages along the Poon Hill circuit trek in the Annapurna Conservation Area in Nepal. A convenience sample of five PM2.5 measurements was collected with portable MicroPEM V.3.2A exposure monitors. Filters were analyzed for black and brown carbon using integrating sphere optical transmittance and 33 elemental constituents using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Median indoor PM2.5 over the sampling period was 41.3 µg/m3, whereas median ambient PM2.5 over the sampling period was 34.7 µg/m3. Chemical species associated with wood smoke, such as potassium (GM = 0.88 µg/m3), predominated. High indoor and ambient PM2.5 levels may pose a significant occupational health risk to teahouse workers, who may experience chronic exposures during trekking seasons. Our findings warrant additional research to characterize teahouse air pollution exposures more fully and to evaluate intervention measures.

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“…Mainly, ability of MPs to absorb toxic chemicals on their surface because of their large surface area and hydrophobic property make them chemical toxic. Pollutants like heavy metals (Kumari et al 2021, Li et al 2013, Mohanraj et al 2004) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Akhbarizadeh et al 2021) got detected in atmospheric particulate matters. Microplastics can also act as a medium to carry pathogens or microorganisms to lungs and possibly result in an infection to the humans (Prata 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidences of Microplastic in Air and Street Dust: A Case Study of Varanasi City, India

Pandey

Banerjee

Badola

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in our environment. Its presence in air, water and soil makes it a serious threat to living organisms. The present study aimed to assess the availability of MPs in air and street dust of a metropolitan city Varanasi, India. Suspended dust samples and street dust samples were collected from various sampling sites. The assessment of MPs was conducted by for physical identification binocular microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), while elemental analysis done by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX). and finally, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used for functional group analysis. the presence of MPs in both suspended dust and street dust samples of all selected sampling sites was confirmed by results. MPs of different color with the shape of Fragments, Films, Spherules and Fibers were observed in the study. However, most of the MPs were less than 1mm in size. The MPs identified in our study were majorly polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyester, and polyvinyl chloride. EDX analysis showed presence of trace elements like aluminum, cadmium, magnesium, sodium, and silicon apart from carbon and oxygen, which indicates the presence of additives or adsorption capacity of MPs. Confirmation of MPs in the air of a locality of Varanasi explains the need of deep research in this concerned field to protect our future from negative impacts of breathing MPs.

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Assessment of Pollution and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Particulate Matter and Road Dust Along the Road Network of Dhanbad, India

Cited by 41 publications

References 78 publications

Chemical Composition of PM2.5 in Wood Fire and LPG Cookstove Homes of Nepali Brick Workers

Chemical Composition of PM2.5 in Wood Fire and LPG Cookstove Homes of Nepali Brick Workers

PM2.5 Pollution Levels and Chemical Components at Teahouses along the Poon Hill Trek in Nepal

Evidences of Microplastic in Air and Street Dust: A Case Study of Varanasi City, India

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