Assessment of pollutant removal processes and kinetic modelling in vertical flow constructed wetlands at elevated pollutant loading

Kumar, Manoj; Singh, Rajesh

doi:10.1007/s11356-019-05019-y

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Sulphate, the common contaminant of wastewater, is not usually considered a health concern but, under some circumstances, can cause diarrhoea. [72] Plant 2 showed a higher removal efficiency of sulphate (68.48%) when compared with other plants (53.02%, 46.77%, and 50.81% removal of sulphate was shown by Plant 1, Plant 2, and Plant 3, respectively). This was due to anaerobic conditions and substrate, which helped to remove sulphate from GW.…”

Section: Discussion On Removal Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 85%

“…This was due to anaerobic conditions and substrate, which helped to remove sulphate from GW. Similarly, Kumar and Singh [ 72 ] reported a high sulphate concentration in domestic wastewater treated by VFCW and observed a 50% removal efficiency using water hyacinth. For 32 wetlands, primarily HSSF and free water surface, Kadlec [ 58 ] reported a mean of 14% removal, which is much less than the present study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Sulphate, the common contaminant of wastewater, is not usually considered a health concern but, under some circumstances, can cause diarrhoea. [ 72 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was due to anaerobic conditions and substrate, which helped to remove sulphate from GW. Similarly, Kumar and Singh [72] reported a high sulphate concentration in domestic wastewater treated by VFCW and observed a F I G U R E 5 Summary of removal efficiency for physicochemical characteristics of all vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW). COD, chemical oxygen demand; TKN, total Kjeldahl nitrogen; TP, total phosphorus; TS, total solids 50% removal efficiency using water hyacinth.…”

Section: Discussion On Removal Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 97%

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Performance evaluation of different macrophytes in small‐scale vertical flow constructed wetlands for greywater treatment using principal component analysis

et al. 2022

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The scarcity of water is perceived as a systematic global risk due to increasing water demand. Vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) is proposed as an energetically efficient and economical process to treat greywater (GW) for non‐potable purposes. Macrophyte contributes a significant amount to the treatment process, and it depends on species, and their ecology. In this study, four single‐stage VFCW systems were planted with locally available plant species named Hymenocallis littoralis as Plant 1, Phragmites australis as Plant 2, Canna indica Plant as 3, and Colocasia as Plant 4, which were used for the treatment of GW. The mean removal efficiencies associated with Plant 1, Plant 2, Plant 3, and Plant 4 are 55.13%, 48.11%, 52.53%, and 56.39% for chemical oxygen demand (COD); 45.35%, 35.36%, 64.10%, and 56.39% for ammonia; and 32.97%, 20.85%, 71.57%, and 33.40% for phosphate, respectively. All systems show significant removal efficiency (more than 40%) of all pollutants, except TDS and pH. Among all the observed plants, C. indica achieved the highest removal efficiency for COD, ammonia, and phosphate. The obtained results were analyzed for the dependency of correlations with effluent, influent, and macrophytes used in the treatment system. The principal component analysis (PCA) identified two principal components from 13 variables and explained 50.25%, 47.47%, and 45.62% variance of normalized datasets in VFCW. The PCA also shows significant correlations of plant species with different targeted effluent parameters.

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Section: Discussion On Removal Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Sulphate, the common contaminant of wastewater, is not usually considered a health concern but, under some circumstances, can cause diarrhoea. [ 72 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was due to anaerobic conditions and substrate, which helped to remove sulphate from GW. Similarly, Kumar and Singh [72] reported a high sulphate concentration in domestic wastewater treated by VFCW and observed a F I G U R E 5 Summary of removal efficiency for physicochemical characteristics of all vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW). COD, chemical oxygen demand; TKN, total Kjeldahl nitrogen; TP, total phosphorus; TS, total solids 50% removal efficiency using water hyacinth.…”

Section: Discussion On Removal Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 97%

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Performance evaluation of different macrophytes in small‐scale vertical flow constructed wetlands for greywater treatment using principal component analysis

et al. 2022

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“…CWs can be used in planted or unplanted state and both have been found successful in treating wastewater [9]. In planted CWs different macrophytes such as Cyperus papyrus, Canna, Commelina benghalensis, Eichhornia crassipes, Populus trichocarpa, Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia, Hydrilla verticillata, and Salvinia natans were used to treat the municipal wastewater in a vertical flow CW [18]. In a study conducted by Calheiros et al [19] five different species of macrophytes, i.e., Canna indica, Typha latifolia, P. australis, Stenotaphrum secundatum, and Iris pseudacorus were used for the treatment of tannery wastewater through CW.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of horizontal flow constructed wetland for secondary treatment of domestic wastewater in a remote tribal area of Central India

Shukla

Gupta

Singh

et al. 2021

Sustain Environ Res

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The purification of the primary treated domestic sewage was performed in the present study through the horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetland (CW) of 10 × 3.5 m dimension. The study was performed using three setups of CW 1 (Unplanted CW), CW 2 (CW planted with macrophyte Typha latifolia), and CW 3 (CW planted with two species of macrophyte T. latifolia and Commelina benghalensis). The purification experiments were performed by converting one type of CW into the other form sequentially, i.e., CW 1 was built first and after the experiments, it was converted into CW 2 and then CW 3. The CW was filled with a layer of coarse and fine gravel of 70 cm depth as filter media in 1:2 ratio. Each set of wetland was operated for 3 months (12 wk) during which the treatment performance of wetlands for basic physicochemical parameters was evaluated. The CW was operated in continuous mode at an average hydraulic loading rate of 250 L h− 1 and the treated effluent was analysed twice every week at four different sampling points having hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 12, 24, 36 and 48 h for important sewage quality parameters All the three setups of CW were able to clean the primary treated sewage significantly. Among the three sets of wetlands used, CW 3 was the best performer removing 79, 77, 79, 79, and 78% of biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, nitrate, ammonia, and phosphate respectively in 48 h HRT. Among the three sets of wetlands, the CW 3 removed the highest percent of total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and E. coli as 64, 61 and 52% respectively.

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An experimental investigation on phytoremediation performance of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) for pollutants removal from paper mill effluent

Singh

Kumar

et al. 2021

Water Environment Research

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The present study describes the phytoremediation performance of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) for physicochemical pollutants elimination from paper mill effluent (PME). For this, pot (glass aquarium) experiments were conducted using 0% (BWW: borewell water), 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% treatments of PME under natural day/light regime. Results of the experiments showed that the highest removal of pH (10.75%), electrical conductivity (EC: 63.82%), total dissolved solids (TDS: 71.20%) biological oxygen demand (BOD: 85.03%), chemical oxygen demand (COD: 80.46%), total Kjeldahl's nitrogen (TKN: 93.03%), phosphorus (P: 85.56%), sodium (Na: 91.89%), potassium (K: 84.04%), calcium (Ca: 84.75%), and magnesium (Mg: 83.62%), most probable number (MPN: 77.63%), and standard plate count (SPC: 74.43%) was noted in 75% treatment of PME after treatment by P. stratiotes. PCA showed the best vector length for TKN, Na, and Ca. The maximum plant growth parameters including, total fresh biomass (81.30 ± 0.28 g), chlorophyll content (3.67 ± 0.05 mg g −1 f.wt), and relative growth rate (0.0051 gg −1 d −1 ) was also measured in 75% PME treatment after phytoremediation experiments. The findings of this study make useful insight into the biological management of PME through plant-based pollutant eradication while leftover biomass may be used as a feedstock for low-cost bioenergy production. © 2021 Water Environment Federation • Practitioner points• Biological treatment of paper mill effluent using water lettuce is presented.• Best reduction of physicochemical and microbiological pollutants was attained in 75% treatment. • Maximum production of chlorophyll, plant biomass, and highest growth rate was also observed in 75% treatment.

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Assessment of pollutant removal processes and kinetic modelling in vertical flow constructed wetlands at elevated pollutant loading

Cited by 19 publications

References 42 publications

Performance evaluation of different macrophytes in small‐scale vertical flow constructed wetlands for greywater treatment using principal component analysis

Performance evaluation of different macrophytes in small‐scale vertical flow constructed wetlands for greywater treatment using principal component analysis

Performance of horizontal flow constructed wetland for secondary treatment of domestic wastewater in a remote tribal area of Central India

An experimental investigation on phytoremediation performance of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) for pollutants removal from paper mill effluent

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