Assessment of PM-EDM cycle factors influence on machining responses and surface properties of biomaterials: A comprehensive review

Al-Amin, Al-Amin; Abdul-Rani, Ahmad Majdi; Danish, Mohd; Thompson, H. M.; Aliyu, Aliyu M.; Hastuty, Sri; Zohura, Fatema Tuj; Bryant, Michael; Rubaiee, Saeed; Rao, T. V. V. L. N.

doi:10.1016/j.precisioneng.2020.09.002

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…Moreover, the microhardness of the treated surface is elevated due to the accelerated heating and cooling processes at high current application, although surface alloys are not formed. A rise in the migration and deposition of the melted debris is displayed with high current application, confirming the carbide and oxide formation on the machined part, which contributes to enhancing the biocompatibility and corrosion and wear resistance; though micro-cracks, residual stresses, and a reduction of compressive stresses may be noticed [54,57,70,74,182,195]. Followed by the peak current, an increase of pulse-on duration supplies more electrical energy to the plasma channel due to applying sparks for a long period.…”

Section: Effect Of Electrical Factors On Modified Surface Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…As a result, the insulating strength of the dielectric liquid is decreased. Furthermore, faster and uniform electric sparks are generated in the machining area resulting in an enhanced machining efficiency, such as the material erosion rate [10,19,21,28,37,57,59,60]. The mechanisms of alloy formation and debris deposition during the PM-EDM cycle are demonstrated in Figure 3.…”

Section: Fundamentals Of Surface Modification Through the Pm-edm Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a rapid cooling process results uneven shrinkage of the formed metal alloys, causing residual stress and micro-crack formation. The gases, such as hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and so on, that are produced during the solidification process are released from the machined surface, resulting nanopores and foamy shaped surface [11,34,48,57,[60][61][62].…”

Section: Fundamentals Of Surface Modification Through the Pm-edm Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mineral oil, EDM oil, and kerosene provide a higher microhardness of the treated specimen than deionized water because of carbide formation. Furthermore, a thicker recast layer has been reported with application of oil-based dielectrics instead of water-based dielectrics, due to having a lower specific heat and higher electrical resistivity, decreasing the machining gap and poor flushing [57,191,193,194].…”

Section: Effect Of Non-electrical Parameters On the Modified Surface Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Coatings, Corrosion and Wear Characteristics of Machined Biomaterials through Hydroxyapatite Mixed-EDM Process: A Review

et al. 2021

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Together, 316L steel, magnesium-alloy, Ni-Ti, titanium-alloy, and cobalt-alloy are commonly employed biomaterials for biomedical applications due to their excellent mechanical characteristics and resistance to corrosion, even though at times they can be incompatible with the body. This is attributed to their poor biofunction, whereby they tend to release contaminants from their attenuated surfaces. Coating of the surface is therefore required to mitigate the release of contaminants. The coating of biomaterials can be achieved through either physical or chemical deposition techniques. However, a newly developed manufacturing process, known as powder mixed-electro discharge machining (PM-EDM), is enabling these biomaterials to be concurrently machined and coated. Thermoelectrical processes allow the migration and removal of the materials from the machined surface caused by melting and chemical reactions during the machining. Hydroxyapatite powder (HAp), yielding Ca, P, and O, is widely used to form biocompatible coatings. The HAp added-EDM process has been reported to significantly improve the coating properties, corrosion, and wear resistance, and biofunctions of biomaterials. This article extensively explores the current development of bio-coatings and the wear and corrosion characteristics of biomaterials through the HAp mixed-EDM process, including the importance of these for biomaterial performance. This review presents a comparative analysis of machined surface properties using the existing deposition methods and the EDM technique employing HAp. The dominance of the process factors over the performance is discussed thoroughly. This study also discusses challenges and areas for future research.

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Section: Effect Of Electrical Factors On Modified Surface Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Fundamentals Of Surface Modification Through the Pm-edm Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fundamentals Of Surface Modification Through the Pm-edm Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Non-electrical Parameters On the Modified Surface Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Coatings, Corrosion and Wear Characteristics of Machined Biomaterials through Hydroxyapatite Mixed-EDM Process: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…These results encourage the EDM significances in the biomedical field, where the presence of the micropores ($3 to $5 mm) and molten metal droplets on the specimen surface endorses the effective engagement of body tissues with the bioimplant surface. 34,35 Furthermore, these selected samples of Co-Cr (trial 8) and DSS alloy (trial 9) were examined for their elemental analysis and change in the phase transformation during the EDM process.…”

Section: Fe-sem Analysis Of Edmed Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

EDM performance characteristics and electrochemical corrosion analysis of Co-Cr alloy and duplex stainless steel: A comparative study

Mahajan

Singh²,

Devgan

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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Cobalt-chromium alloy (F-90) and duplex stainless steel (DSS-2205) belong to the family of metallic biomaterials, which are frequently used for the manufacture of dental prosthetics, artificial implants including knee and hip joints. This article addresses the investigation highlights of electrical discharge machining (EDM) of Co-Cr alloy and duplex stainless steel using different electrode materials for the evaluation of optimum machining parameters. The samples with superior machining performance and surface integrity were analyzed by electrochemical corrosion testing and found that the EDM treated samples portrayed a notable improvement in the corrosion resistance compared to bare metal. Our results demonstrated that both the substrates i.e. Co-Cr alloy and DSS-2205 were dominantly affected by the intensity of the applied current, and participated in the material removal rate with a contribution of 93.81% (23.37 mm3/min., Co-Cr alloy) and 87.32% (39.76 mm3/min., DSS-2205) respectively. However, the surface roughness of the machined Co-Cr alloy (1.080 µm) was majorly influenced by the current (contribution: 67.24%) and electrode (contribution: 28.27%). Whereas, pulse-on (contribution: 58.37%) and electrode (contribution: 30.52%) were significant for the surface roughness (1.150 µm) of the machined DSS-2205. Moreover, the machined surface also demonstrates the porosity (∼3 to ∼5 µm) and formation of intermetallic oxides, carbon phases on the samples machined at a higher value of current i.e. 16 Ampere. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometer were used to scrutinize the surface topography and compositional analysis of the machined substrates. The alternation of the substrate surface observed helpful in enhancing the corrosion resistance of Co-Cr alloy and duplex stainless steel by 80.88% (corrosion rate: 0.00029 mm/year) and 96% (corrosion rate: 0.00763 mm/year), comparative to their respective untreated samples.

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Multi-objective optimization of process variables for MWCNT-added electro-discharge machining of 316L steel

Al-Amin

Abdul-Rani

Ahmed

et al. 2021

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Assessment of PM-EDM cycle factors influence on machining responses and surface properties of biomaterials: A comprehensive review

Cited by 27 publications

References 143 publications

Investigation of Coatings, Corrosion and Wear Characteristics of Machined Biomaterials through Hydroxyapatite Mixed-EDM Process: A Review

Investigation of Coatings, Corrosion and Wear Characteristics of Machined Biomaterials through Hydroxyapatite Mixed-EDM Process: A Review

EDM performance characteristics and electrochemical corrosion analysis of Co-Cr alloy and duplex stainless steel: A comparative study

Multi-objective optimization of process variables for MWCNT-added electro-discharge machining of 316L steel

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