Assessment of PIV performance in validating CFD models from nasal cavity CBCT scans

Ormiskangas, Jaakko; Valtonen, Olli; Kivekäs, Ilkka; Dean, Marc; Poe, Dennis S.; Järnstedt, Jorma; Lekkala, Jukka; Harju, Teemu; Saarenrinne, Pentti; Rautiainen, Markus

doi:10.1016/j.resp.2020.103508

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…4, it can be seen that there is practically no difference between the turbulent and laminar flow for both models. The same correspondence of CFD date between laminar and turbulent models was found in other studies [31,34]. As for the difference between individual patients, in the case of patient 2 (nasal septum deviation, concha bullosa), significantly higher pressure differences can be seen under the same boundary conditions-the same flow rate.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…5, it can be seen that in the case of patient 2, the local pressure distributions reach much higher values than in the case of patient 1. The series of studies from other authors presented similar findings in patients with nasal congestion [16,34,35].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Moreover, CBCT demonstrates increasing in motion artifacts because the temporal resolution of cesium iodide detectors slows data acquisition time to approximately up to 20 s [32]. However, recently published articles described 3-D modeling and CFD analysis performed on the basis of CBCT results [33,34]. We suspect that this is due to the very low doses of radiation used in our CBCT studies, which allow for images that can be interpreted by a radiologist, but the amount of artifacts complicates 3-D airway modeling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three-dimensional modeling and automatic analysis of the human nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses using the computational fluid dynamics method

Tretiakow

Tesch

Meyer-Szary

et al. 2020

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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Purpose The goal of this study was to develop a complete workflow allowing for conducting computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of airflow through the upper airways based on computed tomography (CT) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) studies of individual adult patients. Methods This study is based on CT images of 16 patients. Image processing and model generation of the human nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses were performed using open-source and freeware software. 3-D Slicer was used primarily for segmentation and new surface model generation. Further processing was done using Autodesk® Meshmixer TM. The governing equations are discretized by means of the finite volume method. Subsequently, the corresponding algebraic equation systems were solved by OpenFOAM software. Results We described the protocol for the preparation of a 3-D model of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and highlighted several problems that the future researcher may encounter. The CFD results were presented based on examples of 3-D models of the patient 1 (norm) and patient 2 (pathological changes). Conclusion The short training time for new user without a prior experience in image segmentation and 3-D mesh editing is an important advantage of this type of research. Both CBCT and CT are useful for model building. However, CBCT may have limitations. The Q criterion in CFD illustrates the considerable complication of the nasal flow and allows for direct evaluation and quantitative comparison of various flows and can be used for the assessment of nasal airflow.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three-dimensional modeling and automatic analysis of the human nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses using the computational fluid dynamics method

Tretiakow

Tesch

Meyer-Szary

et al. 2020

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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“…HU values from −1000 to −430 were used for the measurement of the pneumatized area according to previous studies. 9 - 11 Some 3D modeling artefacts, included to the 3D measurements by the software, were manually excluded from the structures of interest.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Measurements in Assessing the Results of Inferior Turbinate Surgery

Valtonen

Ormiskangas

Harju

et al. 2021

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol

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Objectives: Acoustic rhinometry is widely used in evaluating patients with nasal congestion, but it only has a partial correlation with patient symptoms. The use and focus of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans are mainly on the paranasal sinuses and less on the nasal cavities. Therefore, information acquired from CBCT scans is not used to its full extent. In our present study, we have studied patients with enlarged inferior turbinates. Our aim was to investigate and compare the use of 3D volumetric measurements and cross-sectional area measurements taken from CBCT scans to results obtained from acoustic rhinometry. Material and methods: In total, 25 patients with enlarged inferior turbinates were studied. CBCT scans were obtained preoperatively and at twelve months postoperatively. 3D volumetric and cross-sectional area measurements were compared to results from acoustic rhinometry, the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Glasgow Health Status Inventory (GHSI) questionnaires. Results: A statistically significant change in 3D volume and cross-sectional area was measured in the anterior part of the inferior turbinate and surrounding air space after inferior turbinate surgery. VAS and GHSI results had mild correlations with the 3D volume and cross-sectional area measurements of the anterior part of the inferior turbinate. Acoustic rhinometry correlated with the air space 3D volume measurements in the anterior part. Conclusions: Fully utilized CBCT scans provide more comprehensive and accurate information. Furthermore, 3D analysis of the inferior turbinates provides valuable information and more precise measurements compared to acoustic rhinometry.

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“…Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a useful platform to study airflow in the nasal cavity. Recently, it has been used as a non-invasive method to investigate flow behaviour [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] . Li et al 19 compared results using various turbulence models against the experimental work of Hahn, Scherer, and Mozell 4 replicating the unilateral cavity geometry with the nasopharynx omitted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure distribution and flow dynamics in a nasal airway using a scale resolving simulation

et al. 2021

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Airflow through the nasal cavity exhibits a wide variety of fluid dynamic behaviors due to the intricacy of the nasal geometry. The flow is naturally unsteady and perhaps turbulent, despite Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in the literature being assumed as having a steady laminar flow. Time-dependent simulations can be used to generate detailed data with the potential to uncover new flow behavior, although they are more computationally intensive than steady-state simulations. Furthermore, verification of CFD results has relied on a reported pressure drop (e.g., nasal resistance) across the nasal airway although the geometries used are different. This study investigated the unsteady nature of inhalation at flow rates of 10 l/min, 15 l/min, 20 l/min, and 30 l/min. A scale resolving CFD simulation using a hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes--large eddy simulation model was used and compared with experimental measurements of the pressure distribution and the overall pressure drop in the nasal cavity. The experimental results indicated a large pressure drop across the nasal valve and across the nasopharynx, with the latter attributed to a narrow cross-sectional area. At a flowrate of 30 l/min, the CFD simulations showed that the anterior half of the nasal cavity displayed dominantly laminar but disturbed flow behavior in the form of velocity fluctuations. The posterior half of the nasal cavity displayed turbulent activity, characterized by erratic fluctuating velocities, which was enhanced by the wider cross-sectional areas in the coronal plane. At 15 l/min, the flow field was laminar dominant with very little disturbance, confirming a steady-state laminar flow assumption is viable at this flow rate.

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Assessment of PIV performance in validating CFD models from nasal cavity CBCT scans

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Three-dimensional modeling and automatic analysis of the human nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses using the computational fluid dynamics method

Three-dimensional modeling and automatic analysis of the human nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses using the computational fluid dynamics method

Three-Dimensional Measurements in Assessing the Results of Inferior Turbinate Surgery

Pressure distribution and flow dynamics in a nasal airway using a scale resolving simulation

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