Assessment of Pistachio Shell Biochar Quality and Its Potential for Adsorption of Heavy Metals

Komnitsas, Kostas; Zaharaki, Dimitra; Pyliotis, I.; Vamvuka, Despina; Bartzas, Georgios

doi:10.1007/s12649-015-9364-5

Cited by 116 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Properties Table 1 shows the properties of the raw materials used (Sd and AC) and the produced biochar after pyrolysis at 350 • C (Sd350). First of all, it is seen that pyrolysis results in a relatively low yield (y P ), 30.2%, due to the condensation of aliphatic compounds and the loss of CH 4 , H 2 and CO. Other studies show that the further increase of temperature results in even lower yields [25,26]. Pyrolysis results also in the decrease of pH, EC and VM content for the produced biochar.…”

Section: Characterization Of Biocharmentioning

confidence: 89%

Adsorption of Scandium and Neodymium on Biochar Derived after Low-Temperature Pyrolysis of Sawdust

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The objective of this study was to investigate the adsorption of two rare earth elements (REEs), namely scandium (Sc) and neodymium (Nd), on biochar produced after low temperature pyrolysis (350 • C) of wood sawdust. The biochar was characterized with the use of several analytical techniques, namely X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, while the pH at point of zero charge (pH PZC ) was also determined. The experimental conditions were: absorbent concentration 1-10 g·L −1 , REE concentration in solution 20 mg·L −1 , contact time for equilibrium 24 h, temperature 25 • C and stirring speed 350 rpm. The efficiency of biochar was compared to that of a commercial activated carbon. Geochemical modelling was carried out to determine speciation of Nd and Sc species in aqueous solutions using PHREEQC-3 equipped with the llnl database. The experimental results indicated the potential of low temperature produced biochar, even though inferior to that of activated carbon, to adsorb efficiently both REEs. The equilibrium adsorption data were very well fitted into the Freundlich isotherm model, while kinetic data suggested that the removal of both REEs follows the pseudo-second order kinetic reaction. Finally, the most probable adsorption mechanisms are discussed.

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Section: Characterization Of Biocharmentioning

confidence: 89%

Adsorption of Scandium and Neodymium on Biochar Derived after Low-Temperature Pyrolysis of Sawdust

et al. 2017

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“…The elemental C, H, S, and N analysis was carried out in a Flash 2000 Elemental Analyzer Thermo Scientific calibrated using BBOT standards (2,5-Bis(5-tert-butyl-2-benzooxazol-2-yl)thiophene) containing carbon; the oxygen content was subsequently calculated as the difference. Biochars were subjected to thermogravimetric (TG) analysis using a differential thermogravimetric analyzer TGA-6/DTG of Perkin Elmer as described in detail in Komnitsas et al (2015Komnitsas et al ( , 2016; volatile matter (VM) and ash content were determined, while char fraction (100%-%VM) and fixed carbon (FC) content (% char-% ash content) were calculated.…”

Section: Biochar Production and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The selection of this specific concentration was based on previous studies carried out by the authors (Komnitsas et al, 2015(Komnitsas et al, , 2016. Agitation took place in 200 mL glass beakers at room temperature at 350 rpm, using a Vibromatic (Spain) rocking mixer.…”

Section: Kinetic and Equilibrium Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is shown that the pyrolysis yield varies between 17.7 and 34.7% depending on pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and residence time (Komnitsas et al, 2015;Tripathi et al, 2016).…”

Section: Characterization Of Biocharsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Porosity and surface area are parameters of major importance in terms of adsorption efficiency, as discussed in the following sections. The XRD analysis of the starting materials and the nonmodified biochars has been presented in detail in previous studies (Komnitsas et al, 2015(Komnitsas et al, , 2016. In brief, in all raw materials (PIr, PEr, and SDr) the characteristic amorphous peaks of cellulose, which is one of the structural components of the primary cell wall of green plants, are detected.…”

Section: Characterization Of Biocharsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology of Modified Biochar and Its Potential for Phenol Removal from Aqueous Solutions

Komnitsas

Zaharaki

2016

Front. Environ. Sci.

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In the present study, the efficiency of phenol removal from synthetic aqueous solutions by chemically modified biochar with the use of 1M KOH or 1M FeCl 3 was investigated. Initially, biochar was produced after slow pyrolysis of three different agricultural wastes, namely pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) shells, pecan (Carya illinoinensis) shells, and wood sawdust. The quality of biochar was assessed by evaluating its main properties, such as pH, surface area, porosity and C content. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used for the identification of biochar's structure. The efficiency of phenol removal from synthetic solutions was assessed with the use of kinetic and equilibrium experiments. The experimental results show that the KOH-modified biochar exhibited the highest phenol removal efficiency. Hydrophobic sorption on its surface is the main phenol removal mechanism. The pseudo-second order model fits best the kinetic data, while the Freundlich model, as deduced from an equilibrium study describes very well sorption of phenols on all biochars examined.

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Impact of biochar properties on soil conditions and agricultural sustainability: A review

et al. 2017

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This review summarizes the influences of pyrolysis conditions and feedstock types on biochar properties and how biochar properties in turn affect soil properties. Mechanistic evidence of biochar's potential for enhancing crop productivity, carbon sequestration, and nutrient use efficiency are also discussed. The review identifies the knowledge gaps, limitations, and future research directions for large‐scale use of biochar. Both pyrolytic parameters and feedstock types are considered to be the main factors controlling biochar properties such as nutrient content, recalcitrance, and pH. Biochar produced at low temperatures may improve nutrient availability and crop yield in acidic and alkaline soils, whereas high‐temperature biochar may enhance long‐term soil carbon sequestration. Biochar can also improve the efficiency of inorganic and organic fertilizers by enhancing microbial functions and reducing nutrient loss, thereby making nutrients more available to plants. Integration of biochar and chemical or organic fertilizers generally provides for better nutrient management and crop yield in most types of soils. Although biochar can improve degraded soils, it is not a panacea; as such, soil‐ and crop‐specific biochar are needed in order to ensure optimum crop yield and agricultural sustainability.

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Assessment of Pistachio Shell Biochar Quality and Its Potential for Adsorption of Heavy Metals

Cited by 116 publications

References 42 publications

Adsorption of Scandium and Neodymium on Biochar Derived after Low-Temperature Pyrolysis of Sawdust

Adsorption of Scandium and Neodymium on Biochar Derived after Low-Temperature Pyrolysis of Sawdust

Morphology of Modified Biochar and Its Potential for Phenol Removal from Aqueous Solutions

Impact of biochar properties on soil conditions and agricultural sustainability: A review

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