Assessment of Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Balanites Aegyptiaca and Curcuma Longa against Some Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Dairy Cow Infected with Mastitis

Abstract

Bovine mastitis is very important disease threatening the dairy industry and animal wealth globally, resulting in great economic losses. The present work was aimed to assess the phytochemical components, antioxidant activity and the antibacterial effectiveness of Balanites aegyptiaca fruits (BAF) and Curcuma longa powder (CLP) extracts. A total of 287 quarter milk samples were collected from dairy cows raised in four different governorates of Egypt; 95 from clinical mastitis, 37 from subclinical mastitis and 155 from normal milk samples. The isolates from milk samples were identified and differentiated by microbiological cultures, colony morphology, hemolytic activity of the colony, Gram's stain and biochemical tests. Antibacterial activity of the aqueous extract of BAF (AE-BAF) and ethanolic extract of CLP (EE-CLP) at different concentrations were investigated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria isolated from clinical and subclinical mastitic cows using agar well diffusion technique. The isolated bacteria from collected milk samples were Staphylococcus aureus (30.30%), Escherichia coli (28.03%), Streptococcus agalactiae (19.70%), Salmonella spp. (10.60%), Bacillus subtilis (6.06%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3.03%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.27%). Preliminary phytochemical screening of AE-BAF indicated the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, carbohydrate, cardiac glycoside, terpenoids and steroids. Except the cardiac glycoside, the EE-CLP contains the same components. The antioxidant efficacy of the tested plant extracts was evaluated by using free radical scavenging assay method. The AE-BAF and EE-CLP posses 86.6% and 85.9% free radical scavenging activity with 1.5 and 0.125 mg /ml concentrations, respectively. The AE-BAF possess significant antibacterial activity at 400 and 800 mg/ml against all isolates, except K. pneumoniae which was not suppressed at the 400 mg/ml concentration. The significant (P ≤ 0.05) antibacterial activities of EE-CLP were observed at 20 and 50 mg/ml concentrations. It could be concluded that AE-BAF and EE-CLP exhibited potent in-vitro antibacterial activities, thus justifying their application in treatment of clinical cases of bovine mastitis.

Investigation of Potential In Vitro Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activities of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile Fruit Extract and Its Phytochemical Components

“…Recent studies have confirmed the medicinal use of different extracts of B. aegyptiaca fruits in the treatment of hyperactive gut disorders [ 19 ], diabetes mellitus [ 20 ], hyperglycemia [ 21 ], and dermatophytes [ 22 ]. The antibacterial activity of B. aegyptiaca fruit extract has been reported by several previous studies against a number of fungal and bacterial species [ 3 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. These effects are ascribed to phytochemicals detected in the extract including palmitic acid [ 28 , 29 ] and hexadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester.…”

“…These results indicate that B. aegyptiaca fruit extract is a potent antimicrobial agent according to the categories reported by Kuete [ 50 ] classifying substances with MICs below 0.1 mg/mL as potent antimicrobial agents. The antibacterial activity of B. aegyptiaca fruit extract has been reported by several previous studies against a number of fungal and bacterial species such as Candida albicans and Staphyloccous aureus [ 3 , 25 ], Aspergillus [ 3 , 23 , 24 ], Fusarium [ 26 , 27 ] and dermatophytes [ 22 ]. This effect is related to the bioactive phytochemicals detected in the extract mainly oleic and palmitic acids which were the prevalent components recording 24.12 and 21.56%, respectively.…”

Exploring the Phytochemical Diversity and Pharmacological Potentials of Balanite Aegyptiaca: A Review

“…This is particularly significant for immunocompromised patients who may encounter challenges with antifungal drug resistance, highlighting the therapeutic promise of these natural extracts. [27]…”

Enhancement growth of Swietenia Mahogany seedlings under different irrigation intervals by foliar application of basil leaves extract

“…Fresh basil leaves were obtained from National Research Centre in Giza, Egypt, and dried in the sun light for a week and mashed into powder. It was extracted according to the techniques described by (Sedky et al, 2022) the basil powder as much as 100g was macerated using 500 ml ethanol 80% over three days for 24h in room temperature and then filtered by cheesecloth and repeated the filtration 3 times and then evaporated the solution using a rotary evaporator vacuum. The obtained crude extract which weighted 2.831g was dissolved in 100 ml ethanol 80% then prepared the mentioned concentrations (v/v).…”