Assessment of physicochemical parameters in groundwater quality of desert area (Tharparkar) of Pakistan

Kumar, Love; Deitch, Matthew J.; Tunio, Imran Aziz; Kumar, Avinash; Memon, Sheraz Ahmed; Williams, Lauren; Tagar, Uroosa; Kumari, Ramna; Basheer, Sarosh

doi:10.1016/j.cscee.2022.100232

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Pakistan experiences severe shortages of water and water contamination, just like other developing nations throughout the world. The country is regarded as water-stressed and is expected to experience a water shortage in the coming years since its existing water resources have practically depleted [1,2]. The government and officials are in charge of providing inhabitants with access to potable drinking water, but unfortunately, in Pakistan, water shortages and pollution brought on by ineffective water management by the nation's government agencies are posing a threat to human existence [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2023

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Water quality has been a major problem in Pakistan owing to a mix of factors such as population expansion, industrial units in urban areas, and agricultural activities. The purpose of this research is to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of water quality monitoring and assessment in Pakistan. The article begins by examining the water sources of Pakistan (i.e., surface water, groundwater, and rainwater). The paper then discusses the methods used by researchers in Pakistan for water quality monitoring and assessment, including chemical, physical, and biological methods. It has been determined that in certain regions in Pakistan, the concentration of arsenic present in the groundwater exceeds the national and international prescribed maximum limits. The range of arsenic concentrations in the Punjab province can vary from 10 to 200 μg/L, while higher concentrations of up to 1400 μg/L have been recorded in Sindh. In the Punjab province, fluoride concentrations vary from 0.5 to 30 mg/L, while in Sindh, the levels can reach up to 18 mg/L. In addition, some of the research has talked about bacteria. A 2017 study found that the fecal coliform concentrations in certain water in different cities of Pakistan surpassed limits and were as high as 1100 CFU/100 mL. Additionally, natural factors such as geological formations and high salinity in some areas contribute to the contamination of water. The effect of water pollution on public health has the potential to cause harm. It is critical to investigate creative strategies for improving water quality, and it is necessary to make investments in research and development, which could include the implementation of sophisticated technologies and the conception of new treatment processes. The review performed in this paper facilitates an understanding of the current water quality in Pakistan, including the types and magnitudes of contaminants present in the water sources. Subsequently, the assessment emphasizes deficiencies and challenges in the existing water quality monitoring frameworks and provides suggestions for improving them. This review is also of significant benefit to all the stakeholders involved in ensuring clean and safe water for human consumption and other purposes in Pakistan, such as policymakers, water managers, researchers, and other stakeholders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2023

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“…In Essaouira, Morocco, TDS was low (390–874 mg L −1 ) in Krimat aquifer, while other samples show high values (958–2520 mg L −1 ) 62 . The majority of the groundwater in Talukas of Tharparkar, Southern Sindh, Pakistan have TDS values of 800–11,000 mg L −1 63 . Thus, these wells have been reported to cause major health problems in the area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated management of groundwater quantity, physicochemical properties, and microbial quality in West Nile delta using a new MATLAB code and geographic information system mapping

Shehata,

Zaid,

Al-Goul

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Groundwater is an excellent alternative to freshwater for drinking, irrigation, and developing arid regions. Agricultural, commercial, industrial, residential, and municipal activities may affect groundwater quantity and quality. Therefore, we aimed to use advanced methods/techniques to monitor the piezometric levels and collect groundwater samples to test their physicochemical and biological characteristics. Our results using software programs showed two main types of groundwater: the most prevalent was the Na–Cl type, which accounts for 94% of the groundwater samples, whereas the Mg–Cl type was found in 6% of samples only. In general, the hydraulic gradient values, ranging from medium to low, could be attributed to the slow movement of groundwater. Salinity distribution in groundwater maps varied between 238 and 1350 mg L−1. Although lower salinity values were observed in northwestern wells, higher values were recorded in southern ones. The collected seventeen water samples exhibited brackish characteristics and were subjected to microbial growth monitoring. Sample WD12 had the lowest total bacterial count (TBC) of 4.8 ± 0.9 colony forming unit (CFU mg L−1), while WD14 had the highest TBC (7.5 ± 0.5 CFU mg L−1). None of the tested water samples, however, contained pathogenic microorganisms. In conclusion, the current simulation models for groundwater drawdown of the Quaternary aquifer system predict a considerable drawdown of water levels over the next 10, 20, and 30 years with the continuous development of the region.

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“…To model and predict the magnitude of flood risk areas, integrated Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis techniques are used [10][11][12]. GIS has been used for the evaluation of satellite-based rainfall estimates [20] and to assess long-term water quality changes [21]. AHP is a theory of relative measurement of intangible criteria [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS-based Flood Risk Mapping: The Case Study of Kosi River Basin, Bihar, India

Kumar

Jha

2023

Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res.

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Flood risk mapping aims to create an easily read and rapidly accessible map to prioritize the mitigation effects. This study presents an empirical approach to flood risk mapping through the integration of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. SRTM 30m DEM is processed using ArcGIS 10.3 software. The study methodology includes the selection of the study area, the identification of the factors responsible for flood and collection of the required data, the generation of the desired thematic layers, and their integration to produce the flood risk map. Geomorphic, hydrologic, and socio-economic analyses are carried out to generate the thematic layers, namely slope, district`s distance to active stream, highest elevation, drainage density, rainfall, population density, and land use-land cover. AHP is used to determine the relative impact weight of the thematic layers. The influence of each thematic layer and the scale values provided based on the weights and score calculated by the AHP are used to integrate the layers in GIS environment to prepare the flood risk map. Consistency ratios are determined from the judgment process to validate the reliability of the proposed approach and results. The study classified the area falling in the basin under different risk zones with Purnia and Madhepura having large areas under high risk. This study may aid decision and policymakers in the evaluation and rapid assessment of flooding phenomena in the region.

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Assessment of physicochemical parameters in groundwater quality of desert area (Tharparkar) of Pakistan

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Review

Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Review

Integrated management of groundwater quantity, physicochemical properties, and microbial quality in West Nile delta using a new MATLAB code and geographic information system mapping

GIS-based Flood Risk Mapping: The Case Study of Kosi River Basin, Bihar, India

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