Assessment of phenotypic and genetic diversity in the yeast genusMetschnikowia

Giménez-Jurado, Gabriella; Mj, Valderrama; Sá‐Nogueira, Isabel; Spencer‐Martins, I.

doi:10.1007/bf00873097

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Comparison of these ITS-rDNA regions of the isolated M. pulcherrima strains (UMY12, UMY14, and UMY15, respectively) showed that they are highly homologous to each other with 98% identity. In addition, their pulcherrimin pigment production effi cacy seemed to be the same as shown by the zones of red pigment measured on the plates (Gimenez-Jurado et al, 1995;Sipiczki, 2006).…”

Section: Isolation and Identifi Cation Of M Pulcherrima Strainsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Isolation and Characterization of New Metschnikowia pulcherrima Strains as Producers of the Antimicrobial Pigment Pulcherrimin

Türkel

Ener

2009

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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Metschnikowia pulcherrima is a highly effective biocontrol yeast due to its pigment pulcherrimin that accumulates in the cells and in the growth medium. Three different strains of M. pulcherrima were isolated from local grapes. The yeast isolates were characterized on the basis of their biochemical, physiological and ITS1-5.8 s rDNA-ITS2 region. Based on the obtained results, the M. pulcherrima isolates were identifi ed as new strains of M. pulcherrima. Strong antagonistic activities of the M. pulcherrima strains on the human pathogens Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, and Trichosporon mucoides were determined. In addition, antagonistic effects of these M. pulcherrima strains were also tested against Aspergillus fl avus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma spp., Paecilomyces spp., and Bipolaris spp. and it was shown that the three different strains of M. pulcherrima also have an antagonistic effect on the growth of these fungal species at different extents. This study showed that all three strains of M. pulcherrima produce the same amount of the pigment pulcherrimin, but their antimicrobial activities on different microorganisms show important variations.

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Section: Isolation and Identifi Cation Of M Pulcherrima Strainsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Isolation and Characterization of New Metschnikowia pulcherrima Strains as Producers of the Antimicrobial Pigment Pulcherrimin

Türkel

Ener

2009

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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“…Pigment production in cultures of the isolates. Pulcherrimin production is a characteristic of M. pulcherrima, but the intensity of pigmentation varies and depends on medium composition (21,26). The strains isolated in this study varied in color intensity and in the size of the reddish halos that surrounded the colonies ( Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metschnikowia Strains Isolated from Botrytized Grapes Antagonize Fungal and Bacterial Growth by Iron Depletion

Sipiczki

2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

236

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Noble-rotted grapes are colonized by complex microbial populations. I isolated pigment-producing Metschnikowia strains from noble-rotted grapes that had antagonistic activity against filamentous fungi, yeasts, and bacteria. A red-maroon pigment was formed from a diffusible colorless precursor released by the cells into the medium. The conversion of the precursor required iron and could occur both in the cells (red colonies) and in the medium (red halos around colonies). The intensity of pigmentation was correlated with the intensity of the antimicrobial activity. Mutants that did not form pigment also lacked antifungal activity. Within the pigmented halos, conidia of the sensitive fungi did not germinate, and their hyphae did not grow and frequently lysed at the tips. Supplementation of the medium with iron reduced the size of the halos and the inhibition zones, while it increased the pigment accumulation by the colonies. The iron-binding agent tropolone had a similar effect, so I hypothesize that pigmented Metschnikowia isolates inhibit the growth of the sensitive microorganisms by pigment formation, which depletes the free iron in the medium. As the pigment is a large nondiffusible complex produced in the presence of both low and high concentrations of ferric ions, the proposed mechanism is different from the mechanisms operating in microbes that release siderophores into the environment for iron acquisition.The important problems for postharvest protection of fruit include the declining effectiveness of registered fungicides, public pressure to reduce fungicide use, and public demand for produce free of synthetic pesticides. One solution is to use microorganisms with antifungal effects as biocontrol agents to reduce or inhibit the rate of propagation of destructive fungi during storage. Antagonistic yeasts have received particular attention, as their activity usually does not depend on the production of antibiotics or other toxic secondary metabolites. For example, strains of Candida, Cryptococcus, Debaromyces, Metschnikowia, Pichia, Rhodotorula, Sporobolomyces, and Trichosporon all have been reported to inhibit postharvest decay of fruit due to their antifungal effects (6,18,36,38,40,44,50,52). The modes of action proposed for the inhibition process include competition for space and nutrients, parasitism, direct interaction with the pathogen, production of cell wall lytic enzymes, and induced resistance in the host tissue (for a review, see reference 47).Fruit-borne strains of Metschnikowia pulcherrima can be effective in protecting apples, peaches, and grapes against postharvest rot caused by Botrytis cinerea and other postharvest pathogens (14,36,48). The related species Metschnikowia fructicola is an effective biocontrol agent for postharvest diseases of grapes (25). M. pulcherrima, but not M. fructicola, produces a red pigment, pulcherrimin, that accumulates in the cells and in the medium near a colony (26,27). Pulcherrimin is a large complex formed nonenzymatically from a dibasic acid, pulcherriminic ac...

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“…Metschnikowia ( Giménez-Jurado et al, 1995). Data for some of these characters were not available for all species included in the study (Table 1), others (i.e.…”

Section: Evolutionary Trends Of Morphological Key Characters Within Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Giménez-Jurado et al (1995) suggested that the type of ascus precursor (vegetative cells vs. chlamydospores) could serve to define two natural groups within Metschnikowia species. This hypothesis has not been rigorously tested in a phylogenetic context and sharing a character state with some relatives does not always imply a single origin from a common ancestor (homology).…”

Section: Evolutionary Trends Of Morphological Key Characters Within Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genus consists of 47 species that are mostly homogeneous with respect to nutrient utilisation and other physiological characteristics (Giménez-Jurado et al, 1995;Lachance, 2011b) but with morphological variation (Tables 1 and 2) in ascus shape and size, ascospore size, number of ascospores per ascus, mode of ascus development, production of mycelial structures, and production of pulcherrimin pigment, which have been traditionally used in the delineation of taxa. Initially named Monospora by Metschnikoff (1884), the genus Metschnikowia was later proposed by Kamienski (1899) and placed within the order Endomycetales (Spermophtoraceae, Kreger-van Rij, 1984;Metschnikowiaceae, Von Arx and Van der Walt, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic analysis of the angiosperm-floricolous insect–yeast association: Have yeast and angiosperm lineages co-diversified?

Guzmán

Lachance

Herrera

2013

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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a b s t r a c tMetschnikowia (Saccharomycetales, Metschnikowiaceae/ Metschnikowia clade) is an ascomycetous yeast genus whose species are associated mostly with angiosperms and their insect pollinators over all continents. The wide distribution of the genus, its association with angiosperm flowers, and the fact that it includes some of the best-studied yeasts in terms of biogeography and ecology makeMetschnikowia an excellent group to investigate a possible co-radiation with angiosperm lineages. We performed phylogenetic analyses implementing Bayesian inference and likelihood methods, using a concatenated matrix (%2.6 Kbp) of nuclear DNA ( ACT1, 1st and 2nd codon positions of EF2, Mcm7, and RPB2) sequences. We included 77 species representing approximately 90% of the species in the family. Bayesian and parsimony methods were used to perform ancestral character reconstructions within Metschnikowia in three key morphological characters. Patterns of evolution of yeast habitats and divergence times were explored in the Metschnikowia clade lineages with the purpose of inferring the time of origin of angiosperm-associated habitats within Metschnikowiaceae. This paper presents the first phylogenetic hypothesis to include nearly all known species in the family. The polyphyletic nature of Clavispora was confirmed and Metschnikowia species (and their anamorphs) were shown to form two groups: one that includes mostly floricolous, insect-associated species distributed in mostly tropical areas (the large-spored Metschnikowia clade and relatives) and another that comprises more heterogeneous species in terms of habitat and geographical distribution. Reconstruction of character evolution suggests that sexual characters (ascospore length, number of ascospores, and ascus formation) evolved multiple times within Metschnikowia. Complex and dynamic habitat transitions seem to have punctuated the course of evolution of the Metschnikowiaceae with repeated and independent origins of angiosperm-associated habitats. The origin of the family is placed in the Late Cretaceous (71.7 Ma) with most extant species arising from the Early Eocene. Therefore, the Metschnikowiaceae likely radiated long after the Mid-Cretaceous radiations of angiosperms and their diversification seems to be driven by repeated radiation on a pre-existing diverse resource.

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Assessment of phenotypic and genetic diversity in the yeast genusMetschnikowia

Cited by 19 publications

References 24 publications

Isolation and Characterization of New Metschnikowia pulcherrima Strains as Producers of the Antimicrobial Pigment Pulcherrimin

Isolation and Characterization of New Metschnikowia pulcherrima Strains as Producers of the Antimicrobial Pigment Pulcherrimin

Metschnikowia Strains Isolated from Botrytized Grapes Antagonize Fungal and Bacterial Growth by Iron Depletion

Phylogenetic analysis of the angiosperm-floricolous insect–yeast association: Have yeast and angiosperm lineages co-diversified?

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